Comparison of radio speakers on national and commercial radios in relation to the literary language.

Javni govor nas spremlja na vseh poteh, pa naj bo to ob poslušanju radia in televizije ali pa smo sami postavljeni v položaj, ko moramo govoriti pred večjo množico ljudi. V diplomski nalogi se ukvarjam z javnim govorom, natančneje z govorom na radiu. Najprej je bil v Sloveniji prisoten le javni radio pod okriljem Radiotelevizije Slovenija. Kmalu pa so se pojavile komercialne postaje, ki so se začele boriti za poslušalstvo, saj je od tega odvisen njihov obstoj. Če je radijska postaja uspešna, je bolj privlačna za oglaševalce in njihov denarni vložek. Komercialne radijske postaje so se zato odločile za bolj »prijateljski« odnos do poslušalcev, kar pomeni tudi bolj pogovoren jezik, manj informativne vsebine in več zabave ter glasbe. Na drugi strani javni radio ni odvisen od denarnih vložkov pokroviteljev, ima pa zakonsko določeno dolžnost izobraževati in informirati ljudi. S tem namenom ustvarjajo več informativnih, zabavnih in poučnih oddaj. V diplomski nalogi sem poizvedovala tudi o jezikovnem izobraževanju, ki se na javnem radiu ne spreminja, ostaja strogo in kvalitetno, saj govorci brez dopolnjenega vsaj enoletnega izobraževanja ne morejo stopiti pred mikrofon. Pri komercialnih radiih pa gre pred mikrofon lahko praktično vsak, katerega govor ustreza merilom radijske postaje. Govorna izobraževanja so redka ali pa jih sploh ni. Iz rezultatov ankete, ki sem jo izvedla za to nalogo, sem ugotovila, da večina ljudi, ki posluša komercialne radie, pripisuje velik pomen dobri glasbi in ne toliko jeziku, ki ga uporablja govorec. Poslušalcem javnih radijskih postaj pa je jezik zelo pomemben. Torej, če primerjamo govor na javnem in komercialnem radiu, lahko opazimo veliko razliko. Javni radio za zborno izreko skrbi predvsem na prvem in tretjem programu. Drugi program ima malo več govorne svobode, a mora vseeno ostati v okvirih knjižnega jezika. Komercialni radii pa namenoma uporabljajo pogovorni jezik, saj se tako bolj približajo poslušalcem, ki radio primarno poslušajo za krajšanje časa in ne za informiranost.Public speaking is with us every day. From listening to the radio or television to when we are in a position in which we must speak in front of a larger audience. In this paper public speaking, more precisely speaking on the radio is discussed. In Slovenia, there used to be only public radio – Radio television Slovenia. Soon commercial radio stations appeared and they started to fight for their audience as they needed more funds from sponsors. That could only be done with a high percentage of listeners. For this reason, commercial radio stations have taken a more friendly-like approach towards listeners. This means using more colloquial language, less informative content and more entertainment. On the other hand, public radio does not depend on advertisement funds, but it has legal obligation to inform and educate people. Due to this, more informative, educational and entertaining programmes are created. In this paper, the focus is also on language education of radio speakers. On the public radio, it is still as demanding and hard as it used to be. The speakers cannot go in front of the microphone unless they have completed one year of education. On commercial radios on the other hand, everyone that meets the radio station’s requirements, can speak on air. Language education is rare or there is not any. From the results of a survey that has been made for this paper, it has been found out that most people who listen to commercial radios, do not care so much for the language quality as they do for the good music and entertainment. Listeners that prefer public radio, give bigger importance on the language. Therefore, we can notice a big difference between public and commercial radios. Public radio cares for literary language, at least on their first and third programme, the second programme has a little bit more freedom as for the language is concerned, but it is still in the range of standard language. Commercial radios, on the other hand, are purposely using colloquial language, because it brings them closer to listeners, whose interest is not so much information as it is entertainment