Water desalination using high-pressure reverse osmosis system

V nalogi je obravnavan kompaktni sistem za pripravo pitne vode preko razsoljevanja s pomočjo reverzne osmoze. V prvem delu je opravljen pregled literature na področju membranskih tehnologij za razsoljevanje, podrobno pa je opisan tudi obstoječi procesni sistem. V eksperimentalnem delu je bila slana voda pripravljena v območju slanosti 0 g/l do 45 g/l in v vseh fazah filtracije okarakterizirana preko merjenja prevodnosti, pH in celokupne trdote. Poleg vhodne slanosti je bil reguliran tudi obratovalni tlak v območju 20 bar do 65 bar. Po meritvah parametrov vode so bile izvedene tudi meritve glasnosti naprave. Meritve so pokazale, da se stopnja zadrževanja soli povečuje s povečevanjem vstopnega tlaka, zato je tak režim obratovanja priporočljiv v primerih z visokimi zahtevami po čistosti permeata kljub višji potrebni moči črpalke. Ugotovljeno je bilo tudi, da večstopenjska mikrofiltracija v fazi predobdelave vode ni nujno potrebna in bi jo bilo možno nadomestiti z enostopenjskim filtrom. V zaključnem delu podajamo predloge za izboljšave in možnosti za izdelavo kompaktnejšega in tišjega sistema s podobno kapaciteto.In the thesis below, is research conducted on a compact potable water maker using desalination by reverse osmosis. In the first part there is a review of literature on the field of membrane technologies for desalination, the current system is also studied in depth. In the experimental part the salty water was prepared in a range of salinity from 0 g/l to 45 g/l and it was characterised through measurements of conductivity, pH value and water hardness. Besides water salinity, the operating pressure was also regulated in a range from 20 bar to 65 bar. After measuring the water parameters, noise level measurements were conducted. The measurements have shown that the value of salt rejection increases with the increase of operating pressure, that is why that kind of operating regime is recommended in cases with high demands for permeate purity even in regards to high necessary power values from the pump. It was also discovered that multistage microfiltration in the phase of pretreatment is not necessarily needed and it can be replaced with a single stage filter. In the final parts we suggest ways of reducing the system size and noise while maintaining similar potable water making capacities