The Aesthetics of a Female Body in Hans Bellmer\u27s Dolls

Diplomska naloga obravnava dve ženski lutki in njune fotografije nemškega umetnika Hansa Bellmerja, ki sta bili izdelani v tridesetih letih 20. stoletja po vzponu nacizma. Lutki je izdelal kot razstavljivi, kar mu je omogočalo nešteto različnih kombinacij telesnih delov. Naloga opredeli Bellmerjevo življenje, natančno analizira obe lutki in njune fotografije ter jih interpretira. Posluži se več različnih pristopov k umetniškim delom, s čimer poskuša Bellmerjevo umetnost razgrniti v vsej njeni ambivalentnosti. Obravnava zgodovinski razvoj modernega odnosa do umetnih struktur od 17. do 20. stoletja in pojasni, kdaj in zakaj se oblikuje ambivalentni odnos do mehanizmov. Posluži se psihoanalitičnega pristopa k Bellmerjevim lutkam v navezavi na Ojdipov in kastracijski kompleks, na drugi strani pa jih obravnava kulturno-zgodovinsko, s čimer jih umesti v kontekst nacizma in nadrealizma. Predstavi polemiko o tem, ali je nadrealistično gibanje patriarhalno mizogino ali, nasprotno, poskuša ženske osvoboditi njihove tradicionalne vloge v družbi.This thesis examines two female dolls and their photographs by the German artist Hans Bellmer in the 1930s – after the rise of Nazism. The dolls were made dismantlable, allowing the artist to create innumerable combinations of body parts. This work outlines Bellmer\u27s life, offers a detailed analysis of the dolls and photographs, as well as provides their interpretation. By employing various approaches to works of art, it seeks to unfold Bellmer\u27s art in all its ambivalence. It also examines the historical evolution of modern attitudes towards artificial structures from the 17th to 20th century and explains when and why the ambivalent attitudes towards mechanisms have been formed. The study takes a psychoanalytic approach to Bellmer\u27s dolls, links them to the Oedipus complex and castration complex, as well as looks at the culture-historical approach to dolls, placing them in the context of Nazism and surrealism. It presents the controversy over the surrealist movement – is it based on patriarchy and misogyny or, on the contrary, aims to liberate women from their traditional role in society