Fungal volatile organic compounds and their biotechnological potential

Hlapne organske spojine gliv so bile dolgo časa spregledane, a v sebi nosijo velik biotehnološki potencial. Imajo nizko molekularno maso, vsebujejo ogljik in hitro hlapijo pri normalnih temperaturah in tlakih. Pri njihovi detekciji kljub dobro razvitim analitskim metodam predstavlja največji problem predstavlja biološka dinamičnost. Njihovi profili se razlikujejo med seboj, saj nanje vplivajo številni parametri kot so: substrat, čas inkubacije, tip hranil, temperatura … Hlapne organske spojine gliv imajo pomembno vlogo v prehrambni industriji, kjer prispevajo k aromi hrane. So tudi indikator rasti gliv, saj lahko z njihovo pomočjo zaznamo plesen v notranjih prostorih in preprečimo pojav sindroma bolne zgradbe. Hlapne organske spojine gliv lahko pomagajo pri odkrivanju kvarjenja živil in zaznavanju bolezni. Ker glive ne živijo same, imajo vpliv na druge organizme in imajo z njimi različne interakcije. Uporabne so kot biokontola, saj imajo potencial pri zatiranju patogenov in pri mikofumigaciji. Hlapne organske spojine gliv služijo tudi kot signalne molekule oziroma semiokemikalije pri interakcijah z ostalimi mikroorganizmi. V prihodnosti bi lahko bile uporabljene na področju biogoriv. Za proizvodnjo pomembnih spojin bo ključ do uspeha razumevanje genetskih poti in biosinteze.Fungal volatile organic compounds have long been overlooked, although they have great biotechnological potential. They have low molecular weight, contain carbon, and evaporate rapidly at normal temperatures and pressures. The major problem in their detection, despite well-developed detection methods, is their biological dynamics. Their profile differs from the others as it is influenced by many parameters, such as: substrates, incubation time, type of nutrients, temperature … Volatile organic compounds play an important role in the food industry, where they contribute to the flavor of food. They are also an indicator of fungal growth, as they can be used to detect indoor mold and prevent sick building syndrome. Volatile organic compounds from fungi can help determine food spoilage and detect disease. Because fungi do not live alone, they affect and interact with other organisms in a variety of ways. They are useful for biological control because of their potential for pathogen control and mycofumigation. Fungal volatile organic compounds also serve as signaling molecules or semiochemicals in interactions with other microorganisms. In the future, they could be used in the field of biofuels. To produce important compounds, the key to success will be understanding the genetic pathways and biosynthesis