Approved drugs of marine origin

Morski organizmi predstavljajo pomemben vir bioaktivnih snovi, ki se uporabljajo za zdravljenje raka, diabetesa, virusnih in bakterijskih obolenj ter drugih bolezni. Uporabljajo se tudi kot protibolečinska sredstva. Morski organizmi so izpostavljeni ekstremnim življenjskim razmeram in posledično izločajo sekundarne metabolite, da v takšnih razmerah preživijo. Večina naravnih proizvodov je mikrobnega izvora. Mikroorganizmi pogostokrat živijo v simbiozi z višjimi organizmi. Razvoj različnih »omskih« pristopov je raziskovalcem omogočil podrobnejši vpogled v genome organizmov in omogočil izolacijo čedalje manjših produktov z bioaktivnim učinkom. Preden dobi potencialno zdravilo morskega izvora dovoljenje za promet, mora iti čez številna predklinična in klinična preizkušanja, ki zagotovijo, da je zdravilo varno in učinkovito za uporabo. Trenutno je na trgu 14 odobrenih zdravil morskega izvora, ki so v večini namenjena zdravljenju rakavih obolenj. Še 23 drugih spojin pa se nahaja v različnih fazah kliničnih preizkušanj. Od tega so 4 zdravila v III. fazi, 12 jih je v II. fazi in 7 v I. fazi preizkušanj.Marine organisms are an important source of bioactive substances that are used to treat cancer, diabetes, viral, bacterial diseases and other diseases. Substances from marine organisms are also used as pain relievers. Marine organisms are exposed to extreme living conditions and subsequently secrete secondary metabolites to survive in such conditions. Most natural products are of microbial origin. Microorganisms often live in symbiosis with higher organisms. The development of various »omic« approaches has enabled researchers to gain a more detailed insight into the genome of organisms and has facilitated the isolation of ever smaller products with a bioactive effect. Before a potential medicinal product from a marine source receives marketing authorization, it must go through a number of preclinical and clinical trials to ensure that the medicine is safe and effective for use. There are currently 14 approved medicines of marine origin on the market, most of which are intended for the treatment of cancer. Another 23 compounds are in various stages of clinical trials. Of these, 4 drugs are in phase III., 12 of them are in phase II. and 7 in phase I of trials