Shoulder injuries in sport climbing

Športno plezanje v zadnjih nekaj letih doživlja razcvet, še posebej po tem, ko je bilo umeščeno na olimpijske igre. Vedno več je plezalnih centrov, plezališč in plezalcev. Spreminja se tudi slog plezanja, plezanje samo pa postaja čedalje zahtevnejše, s čimer so tudi obremenitve na človeško telo večje. Odgovor na obremenitve pri plezanju pa so športno specifične poškodbe. V magistrskem delu so nas zanimale poškodbe ramenskega sklepa pri športnem plezanju, kaj so razlogi za njihov nastanek in kako bi jih lahko preprečili. V ta namen smo pregledali domačo in tujo literaturo, opravili sistematični pregled obstoječih znanstvenih člankov in izvedli intervjuje z naprednejšimi plezalci, ki so si v preteklosti med plezanjem poškodovali ramo. Ugotovili smo, da so poškodbe ramena čedalje pogostejše in predstavljajo povprečno 17,4 % vseh poškodb, nastalih med športnim plezanjem, ter da sta dve najpogostejši poškodbi ramena SLAP lezija in utesnitveni sindrom. Ugotovili smo tudi, da je pri plezalcih pogosto prisotna nepravilna drža, ki je posledica obremenitev pri plezanju in nastalih mišičnih neravnovesji, kar lahko predstavlja dejavnik tveganja za poškodbo. Zato smo sestavili preventivni program vadbe za ramenski sklep, ki je usmerjen v odpravljanje nepravilne drže in razvoj ustreznega mišičnega ravnovesja ter stabilnost ramena.Sport climbing has been blossoming for the last few years, especially after it became an Olympic sport. The number of climbing gyms and areas is growing, as well as the number of climbers. The style of climbing is changing and getting more difficult, leading to an increased load on the human body. The result are sport specific injuries. In Master\u27s thesis we were interested in shoulder injuries in sport climbing, reasons for their occurrence and how we could prevent them. For that purpose, we reviewed domestic and foreign literature, carried out systematic review of existing scientific articles and interviewed advanced climbers who have recently injured their shoulder while climbing. Our finding is that shoulder injuries are becoming more common and represent averagely 17,4 % of all injuries that occur at sport climbing, of which SLAP lesion and impingement syndrome are the most frequent two. We also discovered that climbers often suffer from bad posture, which is a consequence of both physical loads present during climbing and muscle imbalances, and represents a risk factor of developing a shoulder injury. Therefore, we made a shoulder injury prevention program, oriented to fix a bad posture and develop proper muscle balance and stability of the shoulder