Rescuing persons from a car that has slide plunged into water - literature preview

Uvod: Smrtnost v prometnih nesrečah, ki so posledica zdrsa motornega vozila v vodo in posledično potopitve vozila, je v svetovnem merilu zastrašujoča. Zmanjšala bi se lahko z ozaveščanjem ljudi, kako ravnati pri tovrstnih nesrečah V slovenskem okolju ni veliko literature o podobnih temah. Preverili smo, ali je v Sloveniji vodena prosto dostopna statistika tovrstnih nesreč, a smo bili neuspešni. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je proučiti in predstaviti načine reševanja iz tonečega vozila. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom strokovne literature v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. Osredotočili smo se na literaturo, ki ni bila starejša od 20 let. Podatke smo iskali v podatkovnih zbirkah Medline, CINAHL, Cohrane library, Google učenjak in COBIB.si. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da je na svetovni ravni zelo malo literature s področja reševanja oseb iz vozila pri zdrsu v vodo. Čeprav so tovrstne nesreče precej redke, glede na vzrok smrti še vedno predstavljajo nezanemarljiv delež. Pridobili smo poglobljeno znanje o teoriji reševanja oseb iz vozila pri zdrsu v vodo kjer smo predstavili starejše že uveljavljene pripomočke za razbijanje stekel, kot sta navadno in vzmetno kladivo za razbijanje stekel. Poleg tega smo izpostavili tudi nove pripomočke tj. OWL kartica in ECBANLI zapestnica. Razprava in zaključek: Pri reševanju oseb pri zdrsu vozila v vodo sta predvsem pomembna čas ter hitrost reševanja. Ključno je, da pri samoreševanju ponesrečenci ostanejo mirni in poznajo osnovne smernice in možnosti (načine), kako se rešiti iz vozila. Čeprav je incidenca tovrstnih nesreč na svetovni ravni dokaj nizka, so številke zaskrbljujoče. Veliko življenj bi lahko rešili, če bi splošno populacijo dodatno izobrazili z načini in primernimi pripomočki za samoreševanje iz vozila. Pomembno je, da ponesrečenci vedo, da je najpomembnejše, da se v čim krajšem možnem času poskušajo rešiti iz vozila, in to takoj, ko avto zdrsne v vodo, in da ne izgubljajo časa s klicem na pomoč v center za obveščanje.Introduction: Fatalities in car accidents involving a vehicle plunging into the water and consequently sinking are frightening on a global scale. This could be improved by raising awareness about how to react in such accidents. We tried to check whether freely available accident statistics were kept in Slovenia, but we were unsuccessful. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma thesis is to evaluate and present different ways or methods of saving yourself from a sinking car. Methods: In our diploma thesis we used the descriptive method and a review of literature in the Slovenian and English language. In order for our review to be up to date, we focused on literature produced in the last 20 years. We searched data in different databases such as Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and COBIB.si. For our research we used 20 different scientific, scholarly and review articles. Results: We found out that there is not much literature about rescuing people from vehicles plunged into water on a global scale. Although such accidents are quite rare, they still account for a significant share of fatalities by cause of death. We gained a bigger picture about rescuing people from a sinking car. In addition we highlighted old and quite new rescue tools and these are OWL card and ECBANLI bracelet. Discussion and conclusion: The most important factor in rescuing persons from a sinking car is time. In self-rescue, it is crucial to stay calm and try to remember the basic rescue procedures or ideas for escaping from a sinking car. Although the incidence on the global scale is quite low, the numbers are still alarming. Many lives could be saved by raising awareness of how to escape from a sinking car. It is important that victims do not lose time by calling the local authorities while they are still in the car. The first choice in such accidents is always immediate evacuation. The best time window to evacuate from a vehicle is as soon as it plunges into water