Appetite and satiety effects of the acute and regular consumption of green coffee phenols and green coffee phenol/oat β-glucan nutraceuticals in subjects with overweight and obesity

This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Extraction Processes and Functional Properties of Coffee and Coffee By-Products.Green coffee has weight management properties, yet its effects on appetite and satiety remain unclear as few, mainly acute, studies perform objective measurements. Therefore, the influence on appetite/satiety of acute and regular consumption of two nutraceuticals, a decaffeinated green coffee phenolic extract (GC) alone or combined with oat β-glucans (GC/BG), with known satiating properties, has been analysed subjectively using visual analog scales (VAS) and objectively measuring actual food intake and postprandial appetite and satiety hormones. A randomised, cross-over, blind trial was carried out in 29 overweight volunteers who consumed GC or GC/BG twice a day for 8 weeks. After acute (day = 0) and regular consumption (day = 56) of the nutraceuticals, satiety was measured at 30, 60, 90, 150, and 210 min, as well as food intake at breakfast (30 min) and lunch (300 min). Additionally, in a subgroup of participants (n = 9), cholecystokinin, peptide-YY, glucagon-like-peptide-1, ghrelin and leptin concentrations were analysed in blood samples taken at the same time-points. According to VAS results, GC/BG reduced hunger more efficiently than GC. However, there were no statistically significant differences in food intake. Comparing the effects of the acute consumption of GC/BG and GC, leptin concentration at 150 min was higher after GC/BG intake vs. GC. Moreover, when comparing the effects of regularly consuming the two nutraceuticals, maximum ghrelin level decreased with GC/BG vs. GC. In conclusion, acute and regular effects of the nutraceuticals on appetite/satiety differed, and subjective and objective results partially agreed; GC/BG may reduce hunger more efficiently than GC.This research was funded by project AGL2015-69986-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity. J.G.-C. had a pre-doctoral grant funded by Comunidad de Madrid (PEJD-2017-PRE_BIO-4225). M.R.-P. had a pre-doctoral contract (PEJ2018-001982-A) funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities. M.A.S. had a pre-doctoral contract funded by Comunidad de Madrid (PEJD-2018-PRE/SAL-9104).Peer reviewe