Impact of hydrogen peroxide on protein synthesis in yeast

This article belongs to the Special Issue Thiol-Based Redox Regulation of Cellular and Organismal Function.Cells must be able to respond and adapt to different stress conditions to maintain normal function. A common response to stress is the global inhibition of protein synthesis. Protein synthesis is an expensive process consuming much of the cell’s energy. Consequently, it must be tightly regulated to conserve resources. One of these stress conditions is oxidative stress, resulting from the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly produced by the mitochondria but also by other intracellular sources. Cells utilize a variety of antioxidant systems to protect against ROS, directing signaling and adaptation responses at lower levels and/or detoxification as levels increase to preclude the accumulation of damage. In this review, we focus on the role of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, as a signaling molecule regulating protein synthesis at different levels, including transcription and various parts of the translation process, e.g., initiation, elongation, termination and ribosome recycling.M.M. is grateful for funding from Cancerfonden 2017-0778 and Vetenskapsrådet 2020-05412. CP acknowledges funding from Stiftelsen Assar Gabrielssons Fond, grant number FB20-80, by Lindhes_advokatbyrå AB, grant number LA2020-0166 and for funding from APOSTD contract (APOSTD 076/2020) of Generalitat of Valencia and European Social Fund (GVA-ESF), Spain.Peer reviewe