A study on code switching done by Mr. Hermanto as a shopkeeper of U.D. Rosaria

This study examines the examines the existency of code switching done by Mr. Hermanto as the shopkeeper of U.D. Rosaria in Surabaya. The writer examines the language switch by Mr. Hermanto and the reasons why he switches his code. The background of making this study are because the writer saw that Mr. Hermanto (as a shopkeeper) often meet many kinds of person. That is why, the writer would like to analyse his language switch further. Using a hidden tape-recorder, the writer recorded the four conversation in natural interaction setting. Then the writer transcribed the conversations and made some different style of printing to differentiate the languages. She analysis the data based on the parameters which consist of participants, topic, setting and function. Based on the data analysis, the writer found that the switching that mostly happened was from Formal Indonesian into Javanese and Javanese into Formal Indonesian; then Informal Indonesian into Indonesian and Indonesian into informal Indonesian; next was Chinese into Formal Indonesian and Javanese into Chinese; the last was Formal Indonesian into Chinese, Javanese into Informal Indonesian, Informal Indonesian into Javanese, Informal Indonesian into Chinese and Chinese into Javanese. The switching into Indonesian was the higher, then the following was the switching into Javanese, next was the switching into Informal Indonesian, and the last was the switching into Chinese. The other findings showed that participants, topic, setting and function were the factors that influenced Mr. Hermanto to switch codes. For examples: different participants leads Mr. Hermanto to switch to different codes; the changing of topic such as when he talks about numbers to the Chinese person, he mostly switches into Chinese; informal situation also makes him often does switch into Javanese; and the last is for some reasons (such as raising intimacy, persuading interlocutor, uttering a special term of calling someone, showing seriousness, emphasizing the previous word showing respect, keeping a secret, showing an ethnic identity, habit, and lack of vocabulary), he switches his code. Since this study is limited in term of the number of the subject and the place where this study was conducted, it is far for being perfect. That is why, the writer would like to suggest that the next research about Code Switching can make an observation about code switching that happens in the island like Bali, where there are so many people who come from various countries