PMNs induce epithelial cell death and shedding during <i>Salmonella</i> infection.

A. Immunofluorescent images of TUNEL staining of histology sections of HIOs and PMN-HIOs injected with PBS or STM at 8hpi. B. Quantitation of TUNEL positive cells in the lumen of HIOs and PMN-HIOs from (A). Graphs show the mean and SD of HIOs from 2 independent experiments with n>12 HIOs per group. C. Quantitation of percent of TUNEL-positive epithelial cells in HIO lumen. The percentage of TUNEL-positive cells that stained positive for E-cadherin in the HIO lumen were assessed. D. Representative confocal microscopy images of histology sections from STM-injected HIOs or PMN-HIOs at 8h. Sections were co-stained with TUNEL (green), epithelial cell marker E-cadherin (red), and DNA marker DAPI (blue). E. Confocal microscopy images of histology sections of HIOs and PMN-HIOs that were stained for E-cadherin (red), cleaved Caspase-3 (green), and DNA (blue). Arrows point to cleaved Caspase-3 positive epithelial cells whereas arrowheads point to cleaved Caspase-3 negative luminal epithelial cells. Outliers were removed using the ROUT method with Q = 0.1%. Significance was determined via one-way ANOVA with post-Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons where ****p<0.0001.