Mylomygale (Macroscelidea, Macroscelididae) from the Pliocene of South Africa

International audienceThe palaeokarst system of Bolt’s Farm, Gauteng Province, South Africa, is endowed with numerous fossiliferous Plio-Pleistocene deposits. Among them, the mid-Pliocene locus of BPA (Brad Pit A) has yielded a hypsodont upper molar which exhibits a rodent-like wear pattern, but is not a rodent. In several aspects, it recalls macroscelidids and could fit in occlusal morphology with the lower teeth of Mylomygale spiersi, described on the basisof a mandible from Norlim Cave close to the Taung Limeworks, which yielded the holotype of Australopithecus africanus. This upper molar could be attributed to Mylomygale, a taxon represented by only three specimens. The hypsodonty of the molar and the wear pattern suggest that, at Bolt’s Farm, Mylomygale was feeding on tough food and that some herbaceous patches might have occurred in the environment. Moreover our scans reveal that the holotype of Mylomygale possessed an m/3, previously unrecognized