Desorption of nanoclusters (2\u201340 nm) from nanodispersed metal and semiconductor layers by swift heavy ions

New experimental data on the desorption of nanoclusters (2\u201340 nm) from nanodispersed layers of metals (Ag, Pt, In, Bi) and semiconductors (Ge, UO2, PbS) by fission fragments (FF) are reported and compared to the previously obtained data on desorption of nanoclusters of gold. It is shown that the desorption of nanoclusters from nanodispersed layers of metals and semiconductors due to electronic processes induced by swift heavy ions is a universal phenomenon. The yield of the desorbed nanoclusters depends on the cluster material and cluster size as well as on the material of the target substrate and varies within the range from 3c5 to 3c0.001 FF 121. The angular distributions of the nanoclusters do not depend on the cluster material, but only on the cluster size: the mean polar angle of desorption decreasing from 45\ub0 to 23\ub0 while cluster size increasing from 2 to 40 nm. The majority of the nanoclusters is desorbed in the form of molten, liquid droplets. The results are discussed