Cell-based and cell-free strategies for cardiac repair

"Extensive work has been developed in the field of regenerative medicine towards addressing the fundamental mechanisms of loss of cardiac and vascular function in cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly in heart failure. Therapies may tackle different phases and molecular processes over the course of post-insult cardiac tissue healing, either by modulating pathological responses and boosting endogenous repair pathways or by directly replacing injured areas with contractile macro tissues. (...)