Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
- Lazaridis,I
- Patterson,P
- Mittnik,A
- Renaud,G
- Mallick,S
- Kirsanow,K
- Sudmant,PH
- Schraiber,JG
- Castellano,S
- Lipson,M
- Berger,B
- Economou,C
- Bollongino,R
- Fu,Q
- Bos,KI
- Nordenfelt,S
- Li,H
- De Filippo,C
- Pruefer,K
- Sawyer
- Posth,C
- Haak1,H
- Hallgren,F
- Fornander,E
- Rohland,N
- Delsate,D
- Francken,M
- Guinet,JM
- Wah,J
- Ayodo,G
- Babiker,HA
- Bailliet,G
- Balanovska,E
- Balanovsky,O
- Barrantes,R
- Bedoya,G
- Ben Ami,H
- Bene,J
- Berrada,F
- Bravi,CM
- Brisighelli,F
- Busby,GBJ
- Cali,F
- Churnosov,M
- Cole,DEC
- Corach,D
- Damba,L
- van Driem,G
- Dryomov,S
- Dugoujon,JM
- Fedorova,SA
- Gallego Romero,I
- Gubina,M
- Hammer,M
- Henn,BM
- Hervig,T
- Hodoglugi,U
- Jha,AR
- Karachanak Yankova,S
- Khusainova,R
- Khusnutdinova,E
- Kittles, R:Kivisild
- T
- Klitz,W
- Kucˇinskas,V
- Kushniarevich,A
- Laredj,L
- Litvinov,S
- Loukidis,T
- Mahley,RW
- Melegh,B
- Metspalu,E
- Molina,J
- Mountain,J
- Na¨kka¨la¨ja¨rvi,K
- Nesheva,D
- Nyambo,T
- Osipova,L
- Parik,J
- Platonov,F
- Posukh,O
- Rothhammer,F
- Rudan,I
- Ruizbakiev,R
- Sahakyan,H
- Sajantila,A
- Salas,A
- Starikovskaya,EB
- Tarekegn,A
- Toncheva,D
- Turdikulova,S
- Uktveryte,I
- Utevska,O
- Vasquez,R
- Villena,M
- Voevoda,M
- Winkler,CA
- Yepiskoposyan,L
- Zalloua,P
- Zemunik,T
- Cooper
- Capelli,C
- Thomas,MG
- Ruiz inares,A
- Tishkoff,SA
- Singh,L
- Thangaraj,K
- Villems,R
- Comas,D
- Sukernik,R
- Metspalu,M
- Meyer,M
- Eichler,EE
- Burger,J
- Slatkin,M
- Pa¨a¨bo,S
- Kelso,J
- Reich,D
- Krause,J
- ROMANO, Valentino
DOIAbstract
We sequenced the genomes of a 7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight 8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers fromLuxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes with 2,345 contemporaryhumansto show that most present-dayEuropeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations:westEuropean hunter-gatherers,who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not toNearEasterners; ancient north Eurasians related toUpper Palaeolithic Siberians, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry.Wemodel these populations’ deep relationships and show that early European farmers had 44%...
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