Analysis and design of a parking place with vehicle-to-grid electricity buffering

The transition to a zero emissions society has already begun. A big effort should be done in the energy area and as engineers we have the power and the responsibility of using all our knowledge to look for the best and optimal solutions to achieve it. The aim of this project is to study the new technologies that are appearing in the field of electric cars vehicles as well as try to develop a way of integrating this into a project of a real long-term parking. The study will be focused on the use of the technologies known as V2X. This technology has been designed for a bidirectional flow of energy between the EV and the charging points in where the vehicles are connected. This opens new doors to the V2G (Vehicle to grid) and to the V2H (Vehicle to home), giving the opportunity not only to charge the vehicles but also use the energy stored in these vehicles for the situations needed, such as improve the grid stability, the use of microgrids and the money saving for the vehicle’s owners. The study was conducted in AirSon a company found in Ängelholm, Sweden. For the study, several parts were developed. First data acquisition for detailed knowledge of the electrical consumes of the company was done. Then a simulation of production of a photovoltaic installation was done in order to integrate this system into the company and help to feed the charge of the long-term parking with renewable energies. In third place a discussion of how the parking could be developed was held as well as the study of the viability of this. In the results some interesting data has been obtained. In first place from the analysis of the consumes of AirSon the figures representing the electricity usage of each building have been obtained. In second place the calculous of three different photovoltaic installations in different areas is made, obtaining the production per month and hour in each area. Obtaining a total production during June of 37.1 MWh being the month with most production and 2.6 MWh in December being this the month with least production rate. Finally in the results the estimation of the SoC (State of charge) of the cars that arrive to AirSon is found, obtaining an average of 5.37 kWh less energy than the total capacity of the battery at the arrival moment, this means that for completely charge the car the installation needs to provide this 5.37 kWh to each car. Once the energy is delivered into the cars, the parking will be able to take back electricity from the cars in case of necessity of the grid. However, the system will never take more energy from the cars than the one delivered for charging them, due to the parking statement of ensure at least the same energy to the vehicles than the one at the arrival moment. After analysing the results, the key issues are found, such as the weather dependence, the early stage of the technologies and the battery degradation as well as the big investment that needs to be done for having enough energy for the parking to work. Concluding this work with the idea that there is a big potential for the job to work but there are big barriers that need to be overcome first