Cavity Induced Many-body Polaritons: diamagnetic interactions, localization and coherent transfer

Cavity quantum electrodynamics provides an ideal platform to engineer and control light-matter interactions with polariton quasiparticles. In this work, we investigate a many-body system of interacting particles in a harmonic trap coupled to a homogeneous quantum cavity field. The many-body system couples collectively to the cavity field, through its center of mass, and collective polariton states emerge. Due to the collective coupling, the cavity field mediates pairwise dipole-dipole interactions and enhances the effective mass of the particles. This leads to the localization of the center of mass which becomes maximal when light and matter are on resonance. The light-matter interaction modifies also the photonic properties of the system and the polariton ground state is populated with virtual, thermal (bunched) photons. In addition, the necessity of the diamagnetic $\mathbf{A}^2$ term for the stability of the many-body system is discussed, as in its absence a superradiant ground state instability occurs. We demonstrate the emergence of coherent transfer of polaritonic population under an external magnetic field by monitoring the underlying Landau-Zener probability