International audienceSince the end of the Cold War, a major historiographical trend has proposed an analysis of European past profoundly renewed, inviting us to rethink the history of the old continent in a much darker light. However, the notions of “war culture” and “brutalization” highlighted by these recent historical works do not dispense historians from examinating the role played by the representations and practices of peace in European societies in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and thus from defining the outlines of a “culture of peace” in contemporean European history.Depuis la fin de la Guerre froide, un important courant historiographique a proposé une analyse du passé européen profondément renouvelée, nous invitant à re...