Add to ORKGInternational audienceForest plantations are growing worldwide. Indeed, they are all the more encouraged in the context of climate change and necessary energy transition. They are thus considered as indispensable by some. But they are at the center of controversies and, consequently, they are considered at the same time as artificial and contrary to biodiversity by others. This criticism is particularly valid for mono-specific plantations, formed by fast-growing species, on which we will focus. They thus crystallize societal concerns about nature. Heavily artificialized because planted, these plant formations appear to be the opposite of the idealized wilderness. But they are nonetheless hybrids, between nature and culture, leading us to qu...