The quantum trajectory approach to geometric phase for open systems

The quantum jump method for the calculation of geometric phase is reviewed. This is an operational method to associate a. geometric phase to the evolution of a. quantum system subjected to decoherence in an open system. The method is general and can be applied to many different physical systems, within the Markovian approximation. As examples, two main source of decoherence are considered: dephasing and spontaneous decay. It is shown that the geometric phase is to very large extent insensitive to the former, i.e. it is independent of the number of jumps determined by the dephasing operato