The development of children's preferences for equality and equity across 13 individualistic and collectivist cultures

A concern for fairness is a fundamental and universal element of morality. To examine the extent to which cultural norms are integrated into fairness cognitions and influence social preferences regarding equality and equity, a large sample of children (N 2,163) aged 4–11 were tested in 13 diverse countries. Children participated in three versions of a third-party, contextualized distributive justice game between two hypothetical recipients differing in terms of wealth, merit, and empathy. Social decision-making in these games revealed universal age-related shifts from equality-based to equity-based distribution motivations across cultures. However, differences in levels of individualism and collectivism between the 13 countries predicted the age and extent to which children favor equity in each condition. Children from the most individualistic cultures endorsed equitable distributions to a greater degree than children from more collectivist cultures when recipients differed in regards to wealth and merit. However, in an empathy context where recipients differed in injury, children from the most collectivist cultures exhibited greater preferences to distribute resource equitably compared to children from more individualistic cultures. Children from the more individualistic cultures also favored equitable distributions at an earlier age than children from more collectivist cultures overall. These results demonstrate aspects of both cross-cultural similarity and divergence in the development of fairness preferences.Fil: Huppert, Elizabeth. University of Chicago; Estados UnidosFil: Cowell, Jason M.. University of Chicago; Estados Unidos. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Cheng, Yawei. National Yang-Ming University; TailandiaFil: Contreras Ibáñez, Carlos César. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; MéxicoFil: Gomez Sicard, Natalia. No especifíca;Fil: González Gadea, María Luz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Huepe, David. Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez; ChileFil: Ibañez, Agustin Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Lee, Kang. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Mahasneh, Randa. Qatar University; QatarFil: Malcolm Smith, Susan. University of Cape Town; SudáfricaFil: Salas, Natalia Anahí. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Selcuk, Bilge. No especifíca;Fil: Tungodden, Bertil. Norwegian School Of Economics; NoruegaFil: Wong Carriera, Alina. Universidad de La Habana; CubaFil: Zhou, Xinyue. Universidad de La Habana; CubaFil: Decety, Jean. University of Chicago; Estados Unido