Notarial fiduciary services

Stranki se izogneta tveganju nasprotne neizpolnitve s pomočjo skrbnika (fiduciarja), ki prevzame in hrani predmet izpolnitve pogodbene stranke ter ga izroči drugemu pogodbeniku, ko tudi ta izpolni svojo obveznost. Skrbnik ima odgovorno nalogo, saj razpolaga s premoženjem pogodbenih strank. Zato je pomembna izbira strokovnjaka, ki mu bo zaupana naloga skrbnika. S skrbniškimi storitvami pri prometu nepremičnin se v praksi ukvarjajo predvsem notarji, odvetniki in nepremičninski posredniki. Notarska hramba je pravno razmerje med notarjem in strankama osnovnega pravnega posla, ki je praviloma prodajna pogodba. Notarska hramba je urejena z obveznimi zakonskimi pravili o javnih pooblastilih notarjev in s pravili mandatne pogodbe. Medsebojne obveznosti strank osnovnega pravnega posla same po sebi ne vplivajo na notarjeve obveznosti po pogodbi o notarski hrambi, razen če so vključene v pogodbo o notarski hrambi kot njen sestavni del. Slovenska zakonodaja določa splošne predpostavke notarske dejavnosti. Vendar ne določa posebnih predpostavk, ki jih je treba izpolniti za dopustnost notarske hrambe listin, denarja in vrednostnih papirjev, niti ne določa obveznih sestavin naloga za hrambo. Hramba denarnega dobroimetja in vrednostnih papirjev, ki lahko predstavljajo življenjske prihranke strank, je povezana s tveganji. Zato mora biti natančno zakonsko urejena. Dovoljena mora biti le ob natančno določenih pogojih hrambe. Poleg tega mora biti vnaprej izražen in natančno določen namen hrambe. Zakonsko določene morajo biti tudi predpostavke dopustnosti namena hrambe. Predmet notarske hrambe je v času do izpolnitve pogojev hrambe, nedosegljiv upnikom strank. Zato je institut notarske hrambe izpostavljen tveganju zlorabe pravic zaradi izogibanja upnikom. Po veljavnih zakonskih pravilih je neomejen tudi rok notarske hrambe denarja in vrednostnih papirjev. V zvezi s tem je potreben razmislek o zakonski omejitvi časa, ki ga ima upravičenec na razpolago za izpolnitev pogojev hrambe. Iz teh razlogov je treba slovensko zakonsko ureditev notarske hrambe ustrezno spremeniti.The parties avoid the risk of counterparty non-performance with the help of an escrow agent, who assumes and stores in escrow the subject of performance of the contracting party and delivers the same to the second contracting party once the latter performs their respective obligation. The escrow agent has a responsible task, as he or she disposes with the property of the contracting parties. Therefore, the choice of the escrow agent is important. In practice, escrow services in real estate transactions are the domain of notaries, attorneys, and real estate agents. Notary\u27s escrow is a legal relationship between the notary and the parties to the underlying legal transaction, which is generally a sales agreement. Notary’s escrow is regulated with mandatory statutory rules commissioning public notaries and the rules of the mandate agreement. Mutual obligations of the parties to the underlying legal transaction in and of themselves do not influence the notary\u27s obligations under a notary\u27s escrow agreement unless they are included in the notary\u27s escrow agreement as a constituent part thereof. Slovenian legislation stipulates the general assumptions of notaries\u27 services. However, it does not stipulate specific assumptions that must be fulfilled in order to place documents, funds and securities into escrow with a notary, nor does it stipulate the mandatory component elements of the escrow order. The escrow of monetary funds and securities that may represent customers\u27 life savings is associated with risks. Therefore, it must be precisely regulated by law. It should only be allowed under specified conditions. In addition, the purpose of notary\u27s escrow must be clearly stated and specified. The assumptions (preconditions) for the admissibility of the purpose of escrow must also be determined by law. The object of notary’s escrow is inaccessible to the creditors of the parties until the conditions of escrow are met. Therefore, the institute of notary’s escrow is exposed to the risk of abuse of rights due to circumvention of creditors. According to the law, the period of notary’s escrow of money and securities is also unlimited. In this regard, consideration should be given to the legal limitation of the time available to the beneficiary to meet the escrow conditions. Therefore, the Slovenian regulation of notary\u27s escrow should be supplemented