The impact of an appropriate lifestyle on the reduction of complications in type 2 diabetics over 18 years of age

Uvod: Sladkorna bolezen je kronična nenalezljiva bolezen, ki predstavlja velik finančni, zdravstveni in predvsem družbeni problem. Zaradi strmega naraščanja ljudi s sladkorno boleznijo v zadnjih letih je pomembno, da ljudi ozavestimo, poučimo in jim podamo smernice s področja ustreznega življenjskega sloga. Namen zaključnega dela je ugotoviti, ali se z poučevanjem življenjskega sloga zmanjša število nastanka zapletov pri sladkornih bolnikih s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 2. Metode: Izvedli smo sistematični pregled znanstvene literature. Za pridobitev člankov smo uporabili tuje podatkovne baze: PubMed, Cinahl, ScienceDirect. Iskalno strategijo smo oblikovali na osnovi raziskovalnega vprašanja. Upoštevali smo smernice po PRISMA. Oceno člankov smo naredili s ocenjevalnim orodjem Joanna Briggs Institutes in naredili tematsko sintezo in analizo podatkov. Rezultati: V končno analizo in tematski pregled smo vključili 7 člankov. Oblikovali smo tri podteme (ustrezna prehrana, telesna aktivnost, pomanjkanje znanja in edukacija), ki nam pomagajo boljše razumevanje intervencij ustreznega življenjskega sloga pri sladkornih bolnikih s tipom 2. Izpostavili smo tudi glavno temo. Razprava in sklep: Z upoštevanjem ustreznega življenjskega sloga pri bolnikih s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 2 se dokazano izboljša psihofizično stanje bolnikov. Predvsem imajo izboljšano splošno boljše počutje, izboljšan nivo krvnega sladkorja, izgubo telesne teže, obsega pasu ter pridobitev novega znanja za spopadanje z boleznijo. Poveča se tudi funkcionalna, kardiorespiratorna sposobnost bolnikov, kar posledično vodi k zmanjšanju dejavnikov za kardiovaskularna obolenja.Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic non-communicable disease that poses a major financial, health and, above all, social problem. Due to the steep increase in people with diabetes in recent years, it is important to make people aware, teach them and give them guidelines in the field of appropriate lifestyle. The purpose of the final work is to determine whether lifestyle teaching reduces the number of complications in diabetics with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the scientific literature. We used foreign databases to obtain articles: PubMed, Cinahl, ScienceDirect. We developed the search strategy on the basis of a research question. We followed the guidelines according to PRISMA. We evaluated the articles with the evaluation tool Joanna Briggs Institutes and we did thematic synthesis and data analysis. Results: 7 articles were included in the final analysis and thematic review. We have developed three sub-themes (proper nutrition, physical activity, lack of knowledge and education) to help us better understand the interventions of the appropriate lifestyle in type 2 diabetics. We also highlighted the main theme. Discussion and conclusion: Adherence to an appropriate lifestyle in patients with type 2 diabetes has been shown to improve the psychophysical condition of patients. Above all, they have improved general well-being, improved blood sugar levels, weight loss, waist circumference and gaining new knowledge to deal with the disease. It also increases the functional, cardiorespiratory capacity of patients, which in turn leads to a reduction in factors for cardiovascular disease