FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT OF WORKERS

Sloboda kretanja radnika jedna je od četiriju sloboda koje su zajamčene i primarnim i sekundarnim zakonodavstvom Europske unije. Glavna svrha uspostave zajedničkog tržišta jest gospodarski i ekonomski razvitak kroz poboljšanje životnog standarda na području Unije. Da bi se radnicima moglo osigurati slobodno kretanje, nužno je da se države članice vode načelom jednakog postupanja, mehanizmom ravnoteže ponude i potražnje te pristupu zaposlenja uz primjenu pravnih propisa i sudske prakse. Široka sudska praksa ukazuje na to da postoje problemi pri tumačenju odredbi i pojmova, ali se nastoje riješiti kroz donošenje obvezujućih presuda suda. Tako je Sud Europske unije definirao postupno tko potpada u pojam radnika radi opsežnije i bolje zaštite. Sloboda kretanja radnika nije apsolutna, već relativna što znači da se može podvrgnuti ograničenjima koja moraju biti opravdana razlozima javnog poretka, javne sigurnosti ili javnog zdravlja. Države članice različito su znale tumačiti kada nešto predstavlja prijetnju te je zbog toga kroz različitu praksu Sud Europske unije postupno proširio doseg slobode kretanja, a njezino ograničenje preciznije definirao, sve kako bi se spriječila zlouporaba ograničenja od strane država članica. Osim toga, Direktivom 2004/38/EZ radniku i članovima njegove obitelji jamči boravak te propisuje tri vrste boravka: boravak od tri mjeseca, boravak od tri mjeseca do pet godina te trajni boravak. Kako bi se sačuvalo jedinstvo obitelji, Direktiva uveliko doprinosi položaju osobe radnika i njegove obitelji, a pritom se uzima okolnost ovisnosti, kao što su financijska ili fizička ovisnost. Može se zaključiti kako sloboda kretanja radnika ima pravni, financijski i sociološki aspekt te kako njihova kombinacija opravdava uspostavu jedinstvenog tržišta.Freedom of movement for workers is one of the four freedoms that are guaranteed by primary and secondary legislation of the European Union. The main purpose of establishing the common market is economical development through improving living standards in EU territory. To ensure the freedom of movement for workers, it is essential that member states are guided by the principle of equal treatment, the supply-demand balance mechanism and the approach to employment, with the application of legislation and case law. Extensive case law indicates that there are problems in interpreting provisions and terms, but they are sought to be resolved through binding judgments of the Court. That is how the Court has gradually defined who comes under the term of a worker for the purpose of extended and better protection. Freedom of movement for workers is not absolute, it is relative, meaning that it can be subject to restrictions that need to be justified by reasons of public order, public security, or public health. Member states have been differently interpreting when something presented a threat, and through its different case-law the Court has gradually expanded the reach of freedom of movement and defined its limitation more precisely, in order to prevent the abuse of restriction by the Member States. Besides that, the Directive 2004/38/EC grants workers and members of their families a residence and prescribes three types of residence: residence for up to three months, the residence of three months to five years, and permanent residence. In order to save the unity of a family, the Directive greatly contributes to the position of a worker and their family, taking into account the circumstances of dependence, such as financial or physical dependence. It can be concluded that the movement of workers has its legal, financial, and sociological aspects and that their combination justifies the establishment of a single market