BIOETIČKO ODLUČIVANJE U KLINIČKOJ SESTRINSKOJ PRAKSI

Introduction: Nursing as a profession and vocation is understood as humanity, altruism and dedication. Nurses possess 4 types of responsibilities: human, legal, ethical and professional, within which protective models are oriented to the well-being of the patient. The values, rules and principles within nursing practice are regulated by codes of ethics. Aim: To determine the infl uence of knowledge, positive attitude and love for the profession, as well as practices based on high moral and ethical principles in graduate nurses on making ethical decisions in work with patients. Material and methods: The study was conducted among 106 graduate nurses of the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo. The study was descriptive, transverse according to the cross-sectional type. The study was conducted in the period from June 1, 2019 to September 30, 2019. Statistical data processing was performed using the χ2-test, Fisher test, Mann-Whitney U test, and other tests. Results: The majority of respondents (89.4%) stated that they chose nursing profession out of love and desire to help sick people. The largest number of respondents make ethical decisions independently in the implementation of appropriate health care (84%), 62.3% are considered religious, but 77.7% of them believe that religiosity does not affect ethical decision making. Half of the respondents stated that they were in a situation to act as a legal protector for patients in case they noticed that they could be harmed. The majority of respondents (84%) did not have a situation to make wrong ethical decision in their practice. Conclusion: Our study confi rms that in order to make ethical decisions in working with patients, graduate nurses must have quality knowledge, a positive attitude and love for the profession, and a practice based on high moral and ethical principles.Uvod: Sestrinstvo kao profesija i poziv shvaćeno je kao humanost, altruizam i predanost. Medicinske sestre imaju 4 vrste odgovornosti i to: ljudska, pravna, etička i profesionalna, a unutar kojih se prožimaju zaštitnički modeli usmjereni na dobro bolesnika. Vrijednosti, pravila i načela unutar sestrinske prakse regulirani su etičkim kodeksima. Cilj: Utvrditi utjecaj znanja, pozitivno izgrađenog stava i ljubavi prema struci, kao i prakse zasnovane na visokim moralnim i etičkim načelima kod diplomiranih medicinskih sestara na donošenje etičkih odluka u radu s bolesnicima. Materijal i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno među 106 diplomiranih medicinskih sestara Kliničkog centra Univerziteta u Sarajevu. Istraživanje je deskriptivno, transverzalno prema tipu poprečne (cross-sectional) studije. Istraživanje je provedeno u razdoblju od 1. lipnja 2019. do 30. rujna 2019. godine. Statistička obrada podataka učinjena je uz primjenu χ²-testa, Fisherova testa, Mann-Whitneyeva U testa i drugih testova. Rezultati: Većina ispitanika (89,4 %) izjavila je da su sestrinsku struku odabrali iz ljubavi i želje da pomažu bolesnim osobama. Najveći broj ispitanika samostalno donosi etičke odluke kod provođenja odgovarajuće zdravstvene njege (84 %), 62,3 % se smatra religioznim, međutim 77,7 % ih smatra da religioznost ne utječe na donošenje etičkih odluka. Polovina ispitanih navodi kako su bili u situaciji da se ponašaju kao pravni zaštitnik bolesnika kada primijete da bi im se mogla nanijeti šteta. Većina ispitanika (84 %) nije bila u situaciji da u svojoj praksi donesu pogrešnu etičku odluku. Zaključak: Rad potvrđuje da za donošenje etičkih odluka u radu s bolesnicima diplomirane medicinske sestre moraju imati kvalitetno znanje, izgrađen pozitivan stav i ljubav prema struci te praksu zasnovanu na visokim moralnim i etičkim načelima