MONITORING AND DECISION THRESHOLDS FOR CONTROL OF IMPORTANT PESTS OF SMALL CEREALS

Suvremena zaštita bilja temelji se na načelima integrirane zaštite bilja (IZB), čija je osnova prognoza pojave štetnika. Cilj je integrirane zaštite postizanje visokih prinosa kvalitetnih proizvoda uz smanjenu uporabu sredstava za zaštitu bilja. Pravodobnim prognoziranjem jačine pojave pojedinih štetnika i signalizacijom moguće je na vrijeme i vrlo precizno predvidjeti brojnost štetnika. Praćenje pojave i brojnosti populacije štetnika, uz poznavanje pragova odluke, potrebno je za donošenje odluke o trenutku suzbijanja. U Hrvatskoj se najveći udio poljoprivredne proizvodnje temelji na proizvodnji ratarskih kultura, a u najvećoj mjeri proizvode se žitarice (60 %). Strne žitarice imaju veliku važnost u prehrani stanovništva zbog svojih nutritivnih vrijednosti. Štetnici se na pojedinim vrstama strnih žitarica pojavljuju u nejednaku intenzitetu, što ovisi o vremenskim uvjetima tijekom vegetacije, ali i o preferenciji pojedine vrste štetnika prema domaćinu. Tijekom vegetacije strne žitarice napadaju brojni štetnici, a u ovom preglednom radu donosimo prikaz najvažnijih, koji uključuje žitne balce, žitne stjenice i lisne uši. Prikazan je pregled njihove ekologije, štete koje uzrokuju na strnim žitaricama te metode prognoze i pragovi odluke za suzbijanje.Modern pest management today is based on the principles of integrated pest management (IPM), which is based on pest prediction. The essence of integrated pest management is to achieve high yields of high quality products with reduced use of pesticides. Timely prediction and monitoring of pest occurrence allows us to determine the pest population dynamics. Monitoring along with having appropriate information on the threshold information is necessary to make appropriate pest management decisions. In Croatia, crop production accounts for the largest share of agricultural production, with cereals accounting for about 60% of this share. Small grains are of great importance for the nutrition of the population due to their nutritional value. The occurrence of pests in certain types of small cereals depends on weather conditions during the growing season, as well as on the preference of certain pest species for the host. During vegetation, small grains are attacked by numerous pests. In this review, we describe the importance of cereal leaf beetles, cereal bugs, and aphids as important pests of small grains. In this review, we have summarized important pests of small grains - cereal leaf beetles, cereal bugs, and aphids. Overview of the ecology of these pests, the damage they cause to small grain crops, and monitoring methods and decision thresholds for control is presented