Identidade nacional e nacionalismo na tipografia europeia : uma análise comparativa entre a fraktur e o gaélico

On this work, we investigated the influence of national identity and nationalism on European typography through two study cases: the Fraktur in the German world and the Gaelic Type in the Irish World. We analysed these two traditions in regard to the languages and identi¬ties they represented, especially, regarding the political and ideological debates caused by that association. By incorporation of the contributions of Cultural Studies, particularly through the key-concepts of representation, identity, production, consumption and regulation, we were able to make a comparative analysis from multiple viewpoints. We verified that the abandon-ment of national types is part of a context of ample social transformations, the International Typographical Style being an internal milestone of no return to nationalist logic in the typo-graphic industry. Concepts such as the »End of History« and the »Global Village« would further reinforce this perception of inevitability in the abandonment of national typographies, however, given the renewed discussions about identity issues, it was up to us to investigate the extent of this overcoming. Therefore, we defended a balanced way of reflection, doing justice to this relatively little explored theme, despite its importance beyond specialized professional circle