This thesis focuses on the development and the application of a computational methodology, based on a molecular field theory and atomistic modelling, to connect dielectric and elastic properties of nematic liquid crystals to the structure of the constituent molecules. Chapter 1 is a general introduction on the subject of the thesis. Firstly, the problem of the connection between materials properties and structure of the molecular constituents is introduced, with special reference to the case of liquid crystals, and the object of this work is presented. The main features of liquid crystals are then recalled, considering in particular the elastic and dielectric properties, investigated in this thesis, which are directly involved in the e...