Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, characterized by progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and a reduction in striatal dopamine concentration. Different causal genes linked to rare familial forms of PD have been identified, while late-onset idiopathic PD is thought to result from the interplay between predisposing genes and environmental factors. Two missense mutations (A53T and A30P) in the α-synuclein (α-syn) gene have received great attention with the discovery that abnormal metabolism and accumulation of α-syn in dopaminergic neurons leads to both forms of PD. Parkin functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the cellular machinery that tags proteins with ubiquitin, ther...