Modulating the Sensor Response to Halide Using NBD-Based Azamacrocycles

Ligand L (2,6-bis{[7-(7-nitrobenzo[1,2,5]oxadiazole-4-yl)-3,10-dimethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododeca-1-yl]methyl}phenol) is a fluorescent sensor that is useful for detecting Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II). Some of the complexes formed are able to sense the presence of halides in solution. L passes through the cellular membrane, becoming fluorescent inside cells. The H−1L− species is able to form dinuclear complexes with [M2H−1L]3+ stoichiometry with Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) ions, experiencing a CHEF effect upon metal coordination in an acetonitrile/water 95:5 (v/v) solution. In all three of the complexes investigated, the metal cations are coordinatively unsaturated and can therefore bind secondary ligands as anionic species. The crystal structure of [Cd2(H−1L)Cl2](ClO4)•4H2O is discussed. The Zn(II) complex behaves as an OFF−ON sensor for fluoride and chloride anions