Functional Categories and Syntactic Theory

The distinction between lexical and functional elements plays a major role in\ud current research in syntax and neighboring aspects of the study of language.\ud In this article, we review the motivations of a progressive shift of emphasis\ud from lexical to functional elements in syntactic research: the identification\ud of the functional lexicon as the locus of the triggering of syntactic actions\ud and of syntactic variation, and the description and analysis of the complexity\ud of functional structures in cartographic studies. The latter point leads us to\ud illustrate current cartographic research and to present the maps created in\ud the study of clauses and phrases. The maps of CP, IP, and other phrasal\ud categories all involve a richly articulated functional sequence. We then address\ud issues of the numerosity and typology of the functional lexicon, the\ud constraints on the featural specifications of possible functional heads, and\ud the relations between cartographic research and minimalism