Anti-Money Laundering Measures Versus European Union \ud Fundamental Freedoms and Human Rights in the Recent \ud Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and the \ud European Court of Justice

This article will evaluate whether, and to what extent, preventive measures in the fight \ud against money laundering may limit fundamental freedoms and human rights within the \ud European Union (“EU”). It will analyze two judgments rendered by the European Court of \ud Justice (“ECJ”) and one judgment rendered by the European Court of Human Rights \ud (“ECtHR”). In these three cases, the courts were asked to investigate the compatibility of \ud specific Anti-Money Laundering (“AML”) preventive measures with the freedom to provide \ud services enshrined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (“TFEU”) and \ud human rights. Considering the gravity of the phenomenon, AML measures have gradually \ud emerged as a “European general interest.” The Fourth EU Anti-Money Laundering \ud Directive, which has been recently adopted, displays this compelling need