Nonclassical conceptions of truth in Polish philosophy at the beginning of the 20th century

This paper is about nonclassical theories of truth in Poland at the beginning of the 20th century, both in the Lvov-Warsaw School and outside of it. I shall concentrate on two philosophical approaches which, in my opinion, are interesting but not commonly known most likely because the relevant papers were written only in Polish: Władysław Biegański’s, whose theory is based on biological evolutionism, and Edward Poznański and Aleksander Wundheiler's theory of truth in physics. My paper is mainly historical and my aim is to nuance the picture according to which Polish theories of truth are almost invariably exclusively associated with the views of Tarski and his teachers. I agree with Simons and Woleński that Poles were obsessed with truth but I hope to show that this obsession took many forms