[[alternative]]Retiree’s human resource re-use from the viewpoint of social enterprise–The case for travel business model

[[abstract]]隨著醫療發達和人民健康意識抬頭，加上國人平均餘命延長，以及退休歲月增長。此外，人口老化、銀髮族生活、勞動力不足及人力再用可能性已成為政府及民間相關單位關注的議題。歐美國家大多採用社會企業模式以解決類似議題。社會企業之主要目標除解決社會議題外，同時兼顧營利，盡而永續經營永續解決。社會企業風潮流行是近年來的事，相關應用尚為少數。另一方面，觀光市場近來活絡，旅行業人力需求大增，其人力運用與經營模式均需調整因應市場變化。因此，本研究著重探討社會企業概念結合退休族群的經驗、專業和特質參與旅行業內部相關職務的可能性，探討社會企業概念運用在旅行業的可能性，現行一般企業經營模式與社會企業經營模式差異處等三點進行研究。 本研究先以文獻探討，再採以訪談法。訪談對象為社會企業學者2名。社會企業業者進行立意取樣依臺灣現況有學術研究單位協助的5家。旅行業者則企業對企業、企業對民眾、獎勵旅遊和特殊旅遊四類來立意取樣5家。退休族群部份，經由滾雪球法選取中高階管理層級退休，經濟無虞且持續貢獻專業及經驗，持續參與社會活動的15名。研究訪談後收集的資料經主題分析法，發現旅行業已意識到退休族群能力的可再運用，對於市場是助力。社會企業經營模式的價值主張調整兼顧社會議題，促使企業獲利同時提高名聲。旅行業業者發現調整經營模式的人力運用，增加退休族人力使產品於市場具有競爭力。此外，促進旅行業加入社會企業概念使旅行業關心營利兼顧關心社會。[[abstract]]Advanced medical development and people’s attention to health have made human lifespan longer than before. Retirement period has also been prolonged as people stay healthy longer. The healthy retirees may still be able to contribute to the workplace with their expertise and experiences even after retirement. To solve the social issues of competency population, the government needs to put into consideration the quality of life for the retirees and the possibility of reusing retired manpower. European countries adopt the concept of social enterprise to resolve the issue and make revenue at the same time. This study thus attempts to explore the probability of retirees re-entering the work force, particularly the traveling industry. This study also discusses whether the social enterprise model can be used in the travel industry and whether there is difference between the business model and the social business model.This study has recruited four groups of participants for conducting semi-structured interviews. This study has recruited social enterprise scholars, and the social enterprise entrepreneurs, representatives of travel agencies, and the retirees.The data was analyzed through theme analysis and coding. The findings show that the travel industry has found retirees to be of more use and can be useful to the market. Travel agencies have realized that increasing retired manpower may increase the competitiveness of their tours. In addition, the application of the social enterprise model to the travel industry may help raise the reputation of the travel agencies while securing their profit