[[alternative]]Quality of Life and Related Factors among Community Elderly Dwellers

[[abstract]]摘 要 在醫療科技的精進、壽命的延長，如何做到成功老化、提昇老年人之生活品質是現今重要課題。本研究目的在於瞭解社區老人之健康促進生活方式與生活品質，並進一步探討社區老人之人口學特質、自覺健康狀況、健康促進生活方式與生活品質之間的關係，及健康促進生活方式及生活品質的相關因素。 本研究屬橫斷式、相關性，採立意取樣，對象為居住台北士林區，意識清楚、識字或能以國（臺）語有效溝通之65歲至84歲老人，進行面對面訪談方式，共計151位。研究工具為結構式問卷，內容包括社會人口學資料、自覺健康狀況、健康促進生活方式及生活品質量表等四部份。研究資料以SPSS for Windows 10.0套裝軟體進行描述性、相關性、差異性及複迴歸分析。 研究結果顯示目前整體自覺健康狀況，以自覺良好的狀況最多；不同性別、職業和經濟狀況在健康自覺上有差異，其它人口學變項則未顯著。 健康促進生活方式之實踐，最佳為「營養」分項，最差為「運動」。男性得分高於女性受訪者；整體健康促進生活方式和年齡呈負相關，與教育年數則呈顯著正相關；籍貫除外，其他不同婚姻狀況、居住狀況、經濟狀況、宗教信仰在健康促進生活方式是有差異。迴歸分析結果顯示，個人經濟狀況及自覺健康狀況是影響健康促進生活方式最重要因素；共可解釋34.2%變異量。 整體生活品質得分平均為60.95分（總分80分），屬於中上程度。生活品質四個範疇，得分最高的是環境範疇之生活品質16分（SD＝2.13），最低的是心理範疇的生活品質14.76分（SD＝2.47）。整體得分男性（M＝62.56, SD＝8.88）高於女性（M＝59.15, SD＝8.36）；已退休組（M＝61.11, SD＝8.78）高於未曾工作者（M＝58.78, SD＝8.61）；經濟狀況愈好生活品質愈佳，其餘不同的宗教、婚姻狀況、居住狀況、籍貫、年齡及教育年數等變項在生活品質得分上並無顯著差異。迴歸分析結果，影響整體生活品質最重要因素有二，其中健康促進生活方式最具影響力，其次為自覺健康狀況，顯示自覺健康狀況良好，健康促進生活方式建立愈良好，生活品質愈佳；共可解釋變異量達55.9%。 本研究資料與結果，可增進對社區老年人健康促進生活方式與生活品質狀況及其有關因素之瞭解，並提供健康專業人員更多的資訊，發展適合社區老年居民特質之健康促進措施，協助老人能在社區中建立健康而高品質的銀髮族生活。[[abstract]]英文摘要 ABSTRACT The technological progression and economical development have helped to prolong human life. Thus, successful aging and the quality of life have become important issues for modern people. The purpose of this study was to explore the health-promoting lifestyles, quality of life and related factors among community elderly dwellers. A purposive sample of 151, aged from 65 to 84 was recruited from three areas in Shihlin district, Taipei. Through face-to-face interview, the subjects were measured by structural questionnaires, including demographic characteristics, perceived health status, health-promoting lifestyles, and quality of life. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression. The results showed that respondents were mostly in good condition on perceived health status, and varied by gender, employment status and economic status, however, other individual characteristics did not have significant difference on perceived health status. The best of average subscale’s scoring in health-promoting lifestyles, was the nutrition, and the worst was the exercise. In terms of overall health-promoting lifestyles, the male group had a higher score than the female group . additionally, age(r=－0.177) and education in years(r= 0.317) are significantly related to health-promoting lifestyles. Moreover, the means of health-promoting lifestyles in different groups of marital status, living status, economic status, religion are probably unequal. Furthermore, the results indicated that thirty four percent of variance in health-promoting lifestyles was explain by the perceived health status and demographic characteristics, the perceived health status and economic status had the most influence on health-promotion lifestyles. The mean score of quality of life was 60.95 out of 80 with Taiwanese WHOQOL-BREF. Environmental quality of life got the highest score (16±2.13) in four domains related to quality of life, and psychological quality of life got the lowest, scoring(14.76±2.47). The overall scores of males for quality of life were higher than the scores of females; retired employees’ scores were higher than unemployed scores; and the scores of high economic status were better than the scores of low economic status. However, there were no significant differences for religion, marital status, living status, age and educational status. Fifty six of the variance in quality of life was explain by the perceived health status, health-promoting lifestyles and demographic characteristics. Moreover, the variables of health-promoting lifestyles and the perceived health status were two significant predictors of quality of life. health- promoting lifestyles had the most influence on quality of life in this study. Results of the study make an important contribution to understanding the factors that influence health-promotion lifestyles and quality of life among community dwelling elderly . These finding could also provide information for nursing and health professionals to develop interventions for community elderly. These much- needed interventions can help older adults enhances their quality of life