[[alternative]]Changes of Exercise Behavior after a Long-term Exercise Intervention in Community-living Older Adults

[[abstract]]本研究旨在探討長期運動介入對社區中老年人運動行為的影響。採長達一年之追蹤性研究（Follow up study），經類實驗研究設計法(quasi-experimental design)，以臺北市士林區蘭興里43-75歲之無規律運動者共95人，依其志願參加分配至實驗組（42名）及對照組（53名），實驗組共進行48週體適能運動計畫（Total Physical Fitness）介入，末後再依研究對象之實際運動情況分成實驗規律、實驗無規律、對照規律以及對照無規律等四組詳加比較。 本研究工具包括運動認知、知覺因素與運動行為之結構式訪談問卷，其內容包括：自覺運動障礙、自覺運動利益、運動自我效能、運動社會支持、運動行為階段以及簡式國際體能活動等量表。所得資料以卡方檢定、t-test、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、複迴歸等統計方法進行分析。 本研究結果發現影響社區中老年人運動行為的重要因素有：運動介入與規律性從事運動、運動自我效能、婚姻狀況、社經地位以及自覺健康狀況。在運動介入與規律性從事運動的重要性比較方面，自覺運動障礙、運動自我效能、每週從事激烈身體活動以及總身體活動的時間強度與是否規律運動的顯著相關性高於是否運動介入；相反地，自覺運動利益以及自覺健康專業人員運動社會支持則與是否運動介入的顯著相關性高於是否規律運動。總之，有運動介入且規律從事運動的確可提昇研究對象的運動行為並且明顯減少其一天坐著的時間。 根據本研究結果，分別就設計合適的介入計畫以及如何減少中老年人的運動障礙兩方面提出建議，以作為日後策劃或推廣社區中老年人健康體適能方案的依據；以及針對研究對象的選取、研究方法的改進兩方面提出建議，以作為未來類似研究的參考。[[abstract]]The main purpose of this study was to investigate community living older adults’ exercise behavior after a long-term exercise intervention. The study focused on a yearlong follow up study and used quasi-experimental design. There were 95 participants (those who didn’t have habitual exercise) aged from 43 to 75 years old and study samples were selected from Shihlin district, Lan Shun li, Taipei. There were 42 subjects in the experimental group and 53 subjects in the control group. The experimental group underwent 48 weeks of total physical fitness (exercise intervention) and the control group didn’t. After 48 weeks of fitness activities, the subjects were grouped into four more groups according to their exercise behavior. The four groups were: experimental group with regular exercise, experimental group without regular exercise, control group with regular exercise, and control group without regular exercise. The research instruments included: CEBBS, perceived barriers to action, perceived benefits of action, perceived self-efficacy scale, exercise social support scale, stage of change scale, and international physical activity questionnaire (short version). Chi-square test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product moment correlation, multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The study concluded that what influenced the older adults in their exercise behaviors were: exercise intervention, regular exercising, self-efficacy, marriage, social status, and health status. In the comparisons between the importance of exercise intervention and exercise regularly, the results were following: Perceived barriers to action, perceived self-efficacy, intensive exercise every week, and the total time that one spends on exercise have greater positive relationship between exercise regularly than exercise intervention. On the other hand, perceived benefits of action and perceived social supports have greater positive relationship between exercise intervention than exercise regularly. Therefore, subjects’ exercise behavior is benefited by the exercise intervention and with regular exercise. Moreover, both exercise intervention and exercise regularly could reduce the time that the subjects spend on sitting down. According to the study results, it’s a good idea to suggest an appropriate exercise intervention in order to decrease the difficulty with exercise. Those results could be indications in promoting physical fitness program for community living older adults. Moreover, the methods for collecting samples and analyzing data are open for suggestion for future reference