[[alternative]]Investigation on Factors related to Intergenerational Filial Behavior

[[abstract]]本研究目的主要是探討影響世代孝道行為之相關因素，以滾雪球取樣的方式於彰化縣地區，收取合乎本研究條件之三代同堂或三代同鄰家庭，收案時間為95年4月27日至95年5月20日，共計收取49戶（共128人）。研究工具包括人口學特性表、孝道感情量表、孝道認知自我效能量表與孝道行為量表；資料以SPSS for windows 12.0版及SAS 9.1.3版統計軟體分析。研究結果顯示：一、年齡、性別、職業、婚姻狀況及體能狀況等人口學特性，顯著影響孝道行為得分。二、老人協助子代做家務頻率，與子代對其正向孝道感情，達顯著正相關。三、孫代對老人的孝順程度，與孫代在12歲以前接受老人教養照顧頻率，達顯著正相關。四、三世代研究對象評量子代對老人付出的孝順程度，以子代自評對老人的孝順程度得分，顯著低於老人及孫代之評分。五、老人感受到子代的孝順程度，與子代之正向孝道感情、互惠性孝道行為及孝道行為得分達顯著正相關。六、子代感受到孫代的孝順程度，與孫代之孝道認知自我效能及權威性孝道行為得分達顯著正相關。七、老人的孝道感情、孝道認知自我效能與孝道行為的得分，顯著高於子代及孫代。八、以複迴歸模式分析影響世代孝道行為之相關因素，結果顯示，婚姻狀況、職業、代別、正向孝道感情及孝道認知自我效能，可影響世代的孝道行為及權威性孝道行為。而正向孝道感情及孝道認知自我效能，則又可影響世代的互惠性孝道行為。迴歸模式如下：（一）孝道行為= 9.82+4.80(務農、勞工業者) -6.32(未婚) -6.40(子代) -9.01（孫代）+0.41(正向孝道感情)+0.42(孝道認知自我效能)。（二）互惠性孝道行為= 2.32+0.25(正向孝道感情)+0.23(孝道認知自我效能)。（三）權威性孝道行為= 7.50+3.55(務農、勞工業者) -4.14(未婚) -5.18(子代) -8.49（孫代）+0.16(正向孝道感情)+0.19(孝道認知自我效能)。根據研究結果，建議未來可以鼓勵民眾協助子代作家務事，以及照顧孫代，促進不同世代的互動與情感交流，以獲得子代與孫代對自己的親愛、敬佩與孝順。未來研究孝道行為，除填寫問卷外，可發展觀察孝道行為的指引，以克服填答問卷與真實情境的落差。[[abstract]]The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors of filial behavior among generations. The snowball sampling technique is used; the sample is taken from April 27th, 2006 to May 20th, 2006 in Chunghwa, and the total sample size is forty-nine families (128 people). The research instruments include: structuralized demographic questionnaire, Filial Affective Scale, Perceived Filial Self-Efficacy Scale, and Filial Behavior Scale. Collected data is analyzed by SPSS12.0 and SAS 9.1.3.The research results show:Ⅰ. Age, gender, profession, marital status and physical status can affect the grades of filial behavior significantly.Ⅱ. Positive correlation is found between the frequency of house duty done by the first generation and positive filial affective score of the second generation. Ⅲ. Positive correlation is found between the third generation’s filial grades and the frequency of being taken care of by the first generation before the age of 12.Ⅳ. In the evaluation of the second generation’s filial attitudes towards the first generation, their own self-evaluating scores are evidently lower than those evaluated by the first generation, and the third generation.Ⅴ. Positive correlation is found between the degree of filial piety that the first generation felt from the second generation, and the second generation’s score of positive filial affective emotions, reciprocal filial behavior, and filial behavior in general.Ⅵ. Positive correlation is found between the degree of filial piety that the second generation felt from the third generation, and the third generation’s score of perceived filial self-efficacy and authoritative filial behavior.Ⅶ. First generation’s scores of filial affective emotions, perceived filial self-efficacy, and filial behavior are apparently higher than those of the second and the third generations.Ⅷ. Analyzed by multiple regression model, factors related to intergenerational filial behavior demonstrate the result that marital status, profession, generation, positive filial affections as well as perceived filial self-efficacy all influence filial behavior and authoritative filial behavior. Moreover, positive filial affections and perceived filial self-efficacy also lead to reciprocal filial behavior.Regression model analyzes as follows1.Filial behavior= 9.82+4.80 (farmers and laborers) -6.32 (single people) -6.40 (second generation) – 9.01 (third generation) + 0.14 (positive filial affections) + 0.42 (perceived filial self-efficacy).2.Reciprocal filial behavior = 2.32+0.25 (positive filial affections) + 0.23 (perceived filial self-efficacy).3.Authoritative filial behavior = 7.50+3.55 (farmers and laborers)-4.41(single people) -5.18(second generation) -8.49 (third generation) +0.16 (positive filial affections)+0.19 (perceived filial self-efficacy)According to the research result, the more frequently the first generation help with house works, the more scores the second generation have towards positive filial affections. Consequently, it is suggested that the first generation help the second generation with some house work, and help look after their grandchildren in order to in a way, promote interactions among the three generations and to gain more respect as well as filial attitude from the later two generations. In addition to self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) and self-report, it is also advised that checklists that observe filial behavior be developed so as to supplement the insufficiency in SAQ and self-report