[[alternative]]A Retrospective Study in Velarization Process in Preschool Children with Cleft Palate

[[abstract]]國立台北護理學院聽語障礙科學研究所碩士論文中文摘要研究所別：聽語障礙科學研究所 語言病理組 論文名稱：唇腭裂幼童舌根音化音韻歷程發展之回溯性研究指導教授：童寶娟研究生：郭乃鈺 舌根音化歷程是國內幼童常見音韻歷程，也是唇腭裂幼童在語音發展中會出現的音韻歷程之一。唇腭裂幼童在語音發展過程中出現舌根音化，除了是發展性的歷程，可以隨年齡而消退外，也可能是語音代償方式所形成的構音錯誤，或是音韻異常的表現，需要後續治療介入。台灣針對唇腭裂幼童語音發展的研究多為整體音韻表現的探討，沒有針對舌根音化發展趨勢或代償性異常表現的研究。本研究以回溯性病歷分析的方式探討2～7歲已接受修補手術的舌根音化唇腭裂幼童的語音表現。由長庚醫院顱顏中心取得100位舌根音化唇腭裂幼童病歷語料記錄，依據年齡分為：（1）4歲以前（2）4～6歲（3）6歲以後。依據韻母語音結構、聲母構音方法以及構音位置分析舌根音化出現率、舌根音化消退年齡以及與舌根音化消退相關的語音表現因素。 研究結果顯示可消退舌音化的唇腭裂幼童，出現舌根音化的語音組合與正常幼童相當，其消退年齡為6歲，約比正常幼童延後一年。可消退與無法消退者的在韻母與音結構上的差異為齊口呼，聲母構音方法上的差異為舌尖音，聲母構音方法上的差異為塞音。無法消退舌根音化的唇腭裂幼童，出現舌根音化的語音組合較為廣泛，尤其是齊口呼舌尖塞音/, /是最難消退的語音。研究結果可提供臨床工作者作為評估診斷的依據與治療介入的參考。關鍵字：舌根音化歷程、唇腭裂、音韻發展、消退[[abstract]]AbstractVelarization is a common phonological process in speech development of children in Taiwan. It is also a frequent phenomenon observed in children with cleft lip/palate (CLP). The occurrence of velarization in those children might be the result of developmental process, or compensatory behaviors that due to CLP, or phonological impairment requiring further intervention. However, most studies of the phonological development with CLP in Taiwan did not focused on discussing the causes of velarization, not to mention the difference resulted from those reasons mentioned above. Speech samples of 100 children with repaired CLP aged from 2-7 were recruited from the Craniofacial Center at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Their clinical records and data were collected retrospectively from 1986 to 2001. The subjects were divided into three groups based on their chronological age (3;11, 4;0-5;11 and 6;0). Several aspects of the velarlization, including the rate of occurrence, age of suppression, and related phonetic performance, were discussed. The speech samples were also analyzed among various linguistic dimensions, including manner of articulation, place of articulation, and within different vowel contexts.Results show that, like normal development children, those with CLP also suppressed the velarization process during speech development. However, the suppression age in average was at 6 years old, which was one year behind normally developed peers. Comparing to those children with CLP suppressed velarization, children with CLP who did not suppress velarization showed difference in their speech production in /, , / vowel context, alveolar place, and stop manner. Furthermore, those CLP children without suppression also demonstrated more pervasive velarlization in their phonetic contexts. Particularly in the sounds that were considered to be the most difficult to suppress, including /, / with /, , /. The results of this study aimed to provide future reference in evaluation and treatment for the children with CLP.Key words: velarization; cleft lip/palate; phonological development; suppression