[[alternative]]The study of HRV between SWAT and general police officers in rest and post-exercise pistol shooting

[[abstract]]自律神經控管人類興奮與消退的能力，警察人員用槍環境的特殊性，自律神經系統內各功能間彼此消長的過程，對警察人員臨場應變將造成不同的變化結果。目的：1、在探討因勤務性質差異而接受不同訓練方式之特警(SWAT)與一般員警（一般組），各別在安靜時與進行運動後射擊後，心率變異度(HRV)及射擊成績的差異。2、比較兩組在安靜時與運動後射擊後 HRV 及射擊成績的差異。3、分析 HRV 與射擊成績之間的相關性。方法：本研究對象為年齡介於22-38歲間，實際從事警察外勤工作 1年以上，健康狀況良好的男性員警共 50名，分為 SWAT 組（25名）及一般組（25名），實驗期間除施測靜態與運動後射擊外（90秒內完成200公尺跑走後射擊），並以心率變異分析儀進行 HRV 量測。所得數據以 HRV 分析軟體 (ANS version 2.1)進行分析，並以快速傅利葉轉換（FFT）頻譜分析求得兩組受試者心率變異度時域參數之心跳率平均值(HR)、全部正常心跳間期標準差(SDNN)，及以頻域法求得總功率(TP)、低頻功率(LFP)、高頻功率(HFP)及低高頻功率比( LFP/HFP ratio)等 6個參數來評估 HRV 程度。最後以 SPSS 17.0統計軟體，將兩組安靜時與運動後射擊後之 HRV 參數及射擊成績，進行 t-test分析，顯著差異定為 p < .05 ；而以無母數等級相關檢定（The Spearman's Rank Test）來分析射擊成績與 HRV 間的相關性。結果：1、SWAT 組及一般組各別在安靜時與運動後射擊後 HRV 的差異變化上，運動後，兩組的 HR 皆因運動而顯著上升(p < .05)；而 SDNN、TP、 LFP 及 HFP 等參數，皆因短時間激烈的運動受到抑制而顯著下降(p < .05)；然而在運動後的 LFP/HFP 比，雖有略微下降趨勢，但未達顯著差異。另外，與靜態射擊成績比較，兩組在運動後的射擊成績均顯著下降（SWAT 組 p < .01，一般組 p < .001）。2、兩組於安靜時及運動後 HRV 及射擊成績的差異比較，與一般組比較，SWAT 組不論在安靜時或運動後，均有較低的 HR，且達顯著差異(p < .05)；而 SWAT 組在安靜時及運動後射擊的 TP、 LFP 及 HFP 值，則顯著較高(p < .05)；在 SDNN 及 LFP/HFP 比 方面，兩組間無顯著差異。SWAT 組在運動後射擊成績(86.56 ± 9.62 分)顯著高於一般組（75.80 ± 16.27 分, p < .01)；在靜態射擊成績比較上， SWAT 組(93.00 ± 5.50 分)雖略高於一般組（89.96 ± 7.92 分），但未達顯著差異。3、全體在運動後射擊成績與運動後射擊後 HR 呈現顯著負相關(r = - .33, p < .05)。結論：短時間的激烈運動，會使整體 HRV 程度變小，對自律神經活性 LFP 及 HFP 產生減弱作用；而勤務性質較為規律且長期接受嚴格體技能訓練的特警，其 HRV 的調控能力較一般員警佳，也有較好的射擊運動表現。此外，心跳率可能是影響運動後射擊表現的重要因素之一。[[abstract]]The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is in control of human emotions of excitement and regression. The environment of using guns is very unique, and the status of the (ANS) will cause different results for the police reaction. Purposes: This study has three purposes. First, to explore the variance of heart rate variability (HRV) and the difference in shooting performance between SWAT and general police officers in rest and post-exercise pistol shooting. Second, compare individually variance of two groups in rest and post-exercise pistol shooting. And third, analyze the correlation between HRV and shooting performance. Methods: Fifty healthy male police officers, who are between the ages of 22-38 years old and have carried out the outside work more than 1 year, were recruited in current study. They are 25 SWAT and 25 general police officers. HRV analyzer was used to detect the variance of HRV in rest and post-exercise pistol shooting (shooting after running 200 meters in 90 seconds). After the measurement, we use HRV Analysis Software (ANS version 2.1) to analyze and compute the parameters and charts of frequency domain analysis with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Six parameters from HRV of two groups were obtained, time domain parameters of: HR, SDNN and frequency domain parameters: TP, LEP, HFP, LEP /HFP. Finally, the SPSS 17.0 statistical software was be used, based on the shooting performance and HRV parameters of two groups in rest and post-exercise to be analyzed by t-test. Significant level was set at p <.05. By using of The Spearman’s Rank Test, we can analyze the correlation between HRV and shooting performance. Results: 1.The variance of HRV of two groups respectively in rest and post-exercise was roughly the same. Because of exercising, average heart rate in both groups were increased significantly (p <.05), but SDNN, TP, LFP and HRV parameters were decreased significantly (p <.05). However, LFP / HFP although decreased slightly, but not reach significant levels. In addition, compare with the shooting performance in rest, post-exercise shooting performance of two groups was decreased significantly (SWAT group p <.01, general group p <.001). 2. SWAT in comparison with the general police officers, SWAT had a lower heart rate and reached significant level (p <.05) whether in rest or post-exercise. The TP, LEP and HFP of SWAT group were also all significantly higher than the general police officers (p <.05). There was no significant difference in the SDNN and LEP/HFP. The post-exercise shooting performance of SWAT group (86.56 ± 9.62) was significantly higher than general group (75.80 ± 16.27, p <.01). The shooting performance in rest, SWAT group (93.00 ± 5.50) was slightly higher than general group (89.96 ± 7.92), but no significant difference. 3. The HR of all participants in rest and post-exercise shooting performance showed a significant negative correlation. Conclusion: The reason that variance in HRV between two observations became smaller, LEP and HFP also became weak, was because they took short-term strenuous exercise. SWAT group, who take long-term and strict physical skills training regularly, had higher HRV than general police officers group. This study showed that heart rate might be an important factor for post-exercise shooting performance