[[alternative]]The Mahjong Intervention Influence of the Middle-Elderly Short-term memory, Attention, and Logical Reasoning.

[[abstract]]老化產生的認知功能衰退的問題漸漸受到重視，當老人發生有記憶力、注意力及邏輯推理衰退現象，除影響其自身生活能力，且對家屬及社會造成負擔，故老年人認知能力衰退的預防及相關研究日益受重視。 本研究目的主要探討麻將介入對中老年人在短期記憶、注意力及邏輯推理的影響。採類實驗設計，以桃園縣社區50歲至85歲的認知功能正常之中老人為研究對象，實驗組42人及對照組45人，兩組均以女性受試者較多（分別佔60%及59.6%）、教育程度兩組均以以不識字者所佔比例最高（分別佔55.6%及40.4%）。實驗組接受每週3次、每次70-90分鐘，共12週麻將訓練;對照組12週維持原本生活型態，無任何介入措施；使用三種神經心理（Neuropsychology Assessments）評估工具:分別為『區塊敲擊測驗（Corsi Block-Tapping Test, CORSI）』評估短期記憶力、視覺注意力測驗(Visaual Focused Attention Test,WAFF) 評估注意力及運用瑞文氏顏色類非文字智力測驗（Raven’s Color Progressive Matrices Test，CPM）評估邏輯推理能力;總計進行三次資料收集，包括介入措施之前、六週、十二週；資料分析以SPSS 19.0版統計套裝軟體採用統計方法包括平均數、標準差、百分比、卡方檢定、t檢定及廣義估計方程式（Generalized estimating equation, Gee）進行資料結果分析。 本研究結果以對照組的前測結果為基準值在控制組別與時間的交互作用下，實驗組在麻將介入12週，在短期記憶力部分以區塊敲擊測驗（CORSI）測量受試者視覺空間的短暫記憶測驗之反應分數共5項：包括立即區塊廣度原始分數、正確執行區塊次數、錯誤執行區塊次數、區塊順序錯誤次數、忽略區塊次數；在注意力部分以視覺注意力測驗(WAFF)測量受試者反應分數共3項：平均反應時間、錯疏反應次數、誤認數目；在邏輯推理部分運用瑞文氏顏色類非文字智力測驗（CPM）在瑞文氏彩色圖形推理測驗上的表現能力，結果發現在短期記憶力、注意力及邏輯推理三部分均達統計顯著差異。研究結果建議可推廣麻將於社區休閒活動、長期照顧或日間照護機構等，以促進對中老年人的認知功能之成效。[[abstract]]The aging of cognitive decline becomes more and more important when the elderly with memory, attention, and logical reasoning recession occurred, in addition to affecting their own lives, and the burden on families and society, so the elderly cognitive decline prevention and the research is getting increasing attention. The purpose of study focuses on mahjong intervention in the elderly in short-term memory, attention and impact of logical reasoning. A quasi-experimental design, in the community of Taoyuan County, form 50 to 85 years of normal cognitive function among elderly subjects in the experimental group and the control group of 42 people and 45 people, two groups were more female subjects (representing 60% and 59.6%), education level in both groups was the highest proportion of illiterate (respectively 55.6% and 40.4% respectively). The experimental group received three times a week, every 70-90 minutes, a total of 12 weeks Mahjong training; control group 12 weeks to maintain the original lifestyle, without any intervention; using three neuropsychological (Neuropsychology Assessments) assessment tools: namely "block tapping test (Corsi Block-Tapping Test, CORSI) "assess short-term memory, visual attention tests (Visaual Focused Attention Test, WAFF) assess attention and use of Raven color class nonverbal Intelligence test (Raven's Color Progressive Matrices Test, CPM) assess logical reasoning ability; total for three data collection, including interventions, before six weeks, twelve weeks; data analysis in SPSS 19.0 statistical software package version using statistical methods, including mean, standard deviation, percentage, chi-square test, t-test and generalized estimating equations (Gee) to analysis the result. The results of the research show a control group pretest results as the reference value in the control group and the interaction time, the experimental group Mahjong intervention 12 weeks, partly in short-term memory block tapping test (CORSI) measured subjects visual-spatial short-term memory test scores of the reaction of 5: including an immediate block span raw score, the number of correct execution block, block execution error number, the number of blocks in the wrong order, ignoring block time; in some visual attention Test (WAFF) measuring reaction scores of three subjects: the average reaction time, reaction times number of false alarms, number of missed reaction; logical reasoning part in the use of Raven color class nonverbal Intelligence test (CPM) in Raven color reasoning Test performance on graphics capabilities found in the short-term memory, attention and logical reasoning three parts reached statistically significant difference. The findings suggest that the community can be extended mahjong leisure activities, long-term care or day care facility, so as to promote the effectiveness of cognitive function in the elderly