Implementasi Kebijakan Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) di Kabupaten Donggala

ABSTRAK Nasir Mangasing, Nomor Pokok : 09A05045, Penelitian ini berjudul Implementasi Kebijakan Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) di Kabupaten Donggala (Promotor Muhammad Ramli, Kopromotor Muhammad Rusdi dan Muh. Asfah Rahman). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis implementasi pengelolaan program ADD yang difokuskan pada aspek: prinsip pengelolaan, institusi pengelola, mekanisme penyaluran, penggunaan, pelaporan, dan pengawasan dan faktor-faktor yang dominan mempengaruhi implementasi kebijakan ADD di Kabupaten Donggala seperti faktor komunikasi, sumber daya, sikap pelaksana (disposisi), dan struktur birokrasi. Penelitian ini mempergunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan maksud untuk memperoleh gambaran secara kontekstual dan memahami secara mendalam dari proses pelaksanaan kebijakan progran ADD di Kabupaten Donggala. Penentuan informan dilakukan secara purposive, sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara informal dan tidak terstruktur dengan mempergunakan pedoman wawancara sebagai pengangan, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data yang telah dikumpulkan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan program ADD pada aspek prinsip pengelolaan ADD, institusi pengelolaan, mekanisme penyaluran, penggunaan, pelaporan dan pengawasan, mulai dari tahap perencanaan kegiatan, pelaksanaan sampai pada tahap pertanggungjawaban belum terlaksana dengan baik sebagaimana diharapkan. Kelemahan ini dapat dideteksi pada penyampaian Laporan Pertanggung Jawaban ADD Tahap I, II, III, dan IV yang masih dikembalikan oleh Tim Pembina Tingkat Kecamatan untuk diperbaiki sebagai akibat dari lemahnya kemampuan Tim Pelaksana Tingkat Desa yang diketuai oleh Kepala Desa. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi kebijakan ADD antara lain (1) Komunikasi belum berjalan sebagaimana mestinya, (2) Sumberdaya yang belum sepenuhnya mendukung program, (3) Sikap pelaksana, yang belum optimal, dan (4) Struktur birokrasi, yang kurang sesuai harapan, dalam mendukung pelaksanaan program ADD. Di sisi lain, Pemerintahan Desa dalam melaksanakan program ADD lebih fokus pada perbaikan sarana publik dalam skala kecil (pembangunan fisik) dan lebih dominan diarahkan untuk mengikuti lomba desa, sehingga kegiatan non fisik terabaikan. Keadaan ini membuktikan rendahnya tingkat kemampuan dan keterampilan aparatur pemerintahan desa dalam melaksanakan tugas dan fungsinya terhadap pelaksanaan program ADD. Kata Kunci: Implementasi kebijakan ADD, komunikasi, sumber daya, sikap pelaksana, struktur birokrasi. ABSTRACT Nasir Mangngasing. 2013. Implementation of Policy of Village Fund Allocation in Donggala District (supervised by Muhammad Ramli as promoter, Muhammad Rusdi and Muhammad Asfah Rahman as co-promotores). The objective of the research is to analyze the implementation of the management of the Village Fund Allocation program which focuses on the aspects of the principle of management, the managing institution, mechanism of distribution, the application, reporting and supervision, as well as the dominant factors which influence the implementation of Village Fund Allocation in Donggala district such as communication, human resources, attitude of the implementing (dispotition), and structure of bureaucracy. The study employed qualitatative approach, which meant critically examining the process of the implementation of Village Fund Allocation program in Donggala district. The determination of the infotarmant was conducted purposively. Data were collectes through informal and unstructured interview by imploying interview guidance, observation, and documentation. Data were then analyzed by using descriptive qualitative analysis. The result of the study revealed that the implementation of Village Fund Allocation program on the aspect of the principle of Village Fund Allocation management, management of institution, the application, reporting and supervision starting from planning of activities, the implementation up to accountability were not yet conducted well as expected. The weaknesses could be detected on the delivery of report of Village Fund Allocation of stage I, II, III, and IV which often time was returned to the coach team of subdistrict level to be revised due to lack of ability of the implementation team of village level chaired by the head of the village, whereas, the factors which influence the implementation of the Village Fund Allocation policy were determined by (1) the communication which has not run well, (2) human resources which have not fully supported the program, (3) the attitude of the organizer which has not been optimal yet, and (4) the structure of bureaucracy which does not reflect the expectation in supporting the implementation of the program. On the other hand, the implementating of the Village Fund Allocation program focused on the improvement of public facilities in small scale (physical development) and intended dominantly to compete on village competitionwhich made the non- physical activity was ignored. This condition proved that the ability and skill of the village government officers as poor in conducting that task and functions toward the implementation on Village Fund Allocation program. Keyword: Village Fund Allocation policy, communication, human resources, the attitude of the organizer, the structure of bureaucracy