Artificial intelligence and public innovations

Artificial intelligence (AI) builds on the previous digitalization in the public sector as the next logical step. Using machine learning to exploit investment in information and communications technologies, it potentially offers more personalized and appropriate services to citizens. AI already features across a wide range of public services, driving innovations in areas such as healthcare and traffic, and it could alter how public services are organized, how they interact with citizens, and how they can be integrated. This chapter has two objectives: (1) to survey AI-enabled innovations operating in the public sector and (2) to explore the dynamics of AI-enabled innovation in public services. These discussions are structured by conceptualizing mutuality governance in the analysis and guidance of the ethical and problem-solving impact of AI. The research addresses the need for AI-enabled innovations to relate ethically to citizens, as many of the innovations originate or partner with AI-enabled capabilities in the private sector. The chapter shows how the public and private sectors can successfully work together to deliver ethical AI by exploring the AI innovation ecosystems in two Finnish cities: Oulu and Tampere. We delve into how AI-enabled innovations can respond to the diverse needs of citizens, creating AI innovation ecosystems, including new governance arrangements.Peer reviewe