Evaluation of the Immortelle (Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don) from a morphological and chemical point of view

V zadnjem desetletju je postala zelo priljubljena tema številnih znanstvenih raziskav zelnata trajnica – smilj (Helichrysum spp.), ki spada v rod Helichrysum in družino nebinovke (Asteraceae). Ta vključuje okoli 600 vrst, zastopanih po vsem svetu. Na območju Sredozemlja je 25 vrst, med katerimi je najbolj razširjen laški smilj (Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don). Slednji ima tri podvrste: italicum, microphyllum in siculum. Zaradi zelo kompleksne kemične sestave so najbolj raziskana eterična olja, pridobljena iz različnih delov rastlin. Smilj ima številne zdravilne lastnosti. Cilj magistrskega dela je bil ugotoviti morfološke in kemijske lastnosti enoletnih in dvoletnih rastlin populacije, ki jo hrani Inštitut za hmeljarstvo in pivovarstvo Slovenije (IHPS) v Žalcu, ter ugotoviti razliko med tremi hrvaškimi populacijami, in sicer MAP02689, MAP02688 in MAP02685. Poljski poskus je bil zasnovan na Laboratorijskem polju Biotehniške fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani. Opazovane so bile morfološke lastnosti različnih populacij smilja in določena je bila vsebnost eteričnega olja z vodno destilacijo z uporabo Clevenger aparature. Kemijska sestava eteričnega olja je bila določena s plinsko kromatografijo (GC-MS). Med enoletnimi in dvoletnimi rastlinami populacije, ki jo hrani Inštitut za hmeljarstvo in pivovarstvo Slovenije (IHPS) iz Žalca, so bile ugotovljene razlike v nekaterih morfoloških lastnostih. Glavne sestavine eteričnih olj te populacije so α-pinen, geranil acetat, italicen, guailol, rosifoliol. Ugotovljene so bile tudi morfološke razlike med populacijami MAP02689, MAP02688 in MAP02685. Glavne spojine v populacijah so α-pinen, geranil acetat, limonen, α-selin, β-selin, E-kariofilen. Izkazalo se je, da so rastline, posajene v prvem obdobju sajenja, najbolj razvite.In the last decade, the herbaceous perennial - immortelle (Helichrysum spp.) has become a very popular topic of many scientific studies. It belongs to the genus Helichrysum and the family Asteraceae. This includes about 600 species represented worldwide. There are 25 species in the Mediterranean, of which the most widespread is the immortelle (Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don). The latter has three subspecies: italicum, microphyllum and siculum. Due to their very complex chemical composition, the most researched are essential oils, obtained from different parts of plants. Immortelle has many healing properties. The aim of the master\u27s thesis was to determine the morphological and chemical properties of annual and biennial plants of the population, kept by the Institute of Hops and Brewing of Slovenia (IHPS) from Žalec and to determine the difference between three Croatian populations, namely MAP02689, MAP02688 and MAP02685. The field experiment was designed on the Laboratory field of the Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana. The morphological properties of different immortelle populations were observed and the essential oil content was determined by aqueous distillation using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by gas chromatography (GC-MS). Differences in some morphological characteristics were found between annual and biennial plants of the population, kept by the Institute of Hop Growing and Brewing of Slovenia (IHPS) from Žalec. The main constituents of the essential oils of this population were α-pinene, geranyl acetate, italicen, guailol, rosifoliol. Morphological differences between populations MAP02689, MAP02688 and MAP02685 were also found. The main compounds in the populations were α-pinene, geranyl acetate, limonene, α-seline, β-seline, E-caryophyllene. Plants planted in the first planting period turned out to be the most developed