Parent\u27s opinion on the processing of sensory inputs in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Uvod: Motnja pozornosti in hiperaktivnosti je nevrorazvojna motnja, katere osnovni simptomi so hiperaktivnost, impulzivnost in pomanjkljiva pozornost, ki so pretirani glede na starost osebe. Otroci z motnjo pozornosti in hiperaktivnosti se srečujejo s številnimi težavami, ki vplivajo na različne vidike človekovega delovanja, ki jih obravnava delovni terapevt. Ena od potencialnih ovir pri njihovem vključevanju v aktivnosti vsakdanjega življenja so lahko tudi težave s predelavo senzornih prilivov. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pomočjo Vprašalnika o otrokovi predelavi senzornih prilivov ugotoviti, ali se predelava senzornih prilivov in vedenjski odzivi nanje po mnenju staršev razlikujejo med otroki z motnjo pozornosti in hiperaktivnosti in nevrotipičnimi otroki. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili kvantitativno metodo raziskovanja. V raziskavo je bilo vključeni 62 nevrotipičnih otrok in 42 otrok z motnjo pozornosti in hiperaktivnosti. Pri pridobivanju podatkov smo uporabili Vprašalnik o otrokovi predelavi senzornih prilivov, ki so ga izpolnili starši otrok, starih 6–9 let. Vprašalnik temelji na teoriji senzorne integracije po Ayresovi in ponuja podatke o tem, na katerih senzornih sistemih se pojavljajo posebnosti in kako te vplivajo na otrokovo vsakdanje življenje. Rezultati: Pokazale so se statistično značilne razlike pri predelavi senzornih prilivov med obema skupinama. Težave s predelavo senzornih prilivov izkazuje 9,5 % nevrotipičnih otrok in 71 % otrok z motnjo pozornosti in hiperaktivnosti. Statistično značilne razlike so se pokazale na vseh lestvicah z izjemo lestvice za Ravnotežje. Kljub izkazanim razlikam pa poleg lestvice za Ravnotežje glede na normativne vrednosti vprašalnika pri otrocih z motnjo pozornosti in hiperaktivnosti ne moremo govoriti o odstopanju pri predelavi senzornih prilivov tudi na lestvicah za Dotik ter Vonj in okus. Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati raziskav, ki so prav tako primerjale ti dve skupini otrok, se v veliki meri ujemajo z drugimi kvantitativnimi raziskavami, ki so uporabljale vprašalnika Sensory profile in Sensory processing measure. Otroci z motnjo pozornosti in hiperaktivnosti izkazujejo več težav pri predelavi senzornih prilivov od nevrotipičnih otrok. Uporabljeno ocenjevanje delovnemu terapevtu omogoči, da dobi bolj celostno sliko o otrokovem delovanju v vsakdanjem življenju, kar mu je lahko v pomoč pri načrtovanju prilagoditev v domačem in šolskem okolju.Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder with core symptoms: hyperactivity, impulsivity, and lack of attention, which are excessive in relation to a person\u27s age. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder face a number of problems trying to perform in everyday life addressed by an occupational therapist. One of the potential barriers to their involvement in the activities of daily living, may also be problems with the processing of sensory stimuli. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to use the Questionnaire on the child\u27s processing of sensory stimuli to determine whether the processing of sensory stimuli and behavioral responses to them differs between children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and neurotypical children in parent\u27s opinion. Methods: In the diploma work we used the quantitative research method. The study included 62 neurotypical children and 42 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In obtaining data, we used the Questionnaire on children\u27s processing of sensory stimuli, which was filled out by parents of children aged 6-9. The questionnaire is based on the Ayres Sensory Integration theory. The questionnarie provides us with information on which sensory systems the child could have problems and how could this affect the involvement in activities of daily living. Results: Statistically significant differences in the processing of sensory stimuli between the two groups were shown. 9.5 % of neurotypical children and 71 % of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have problems with processing sensory stimuli. Statistically significant differences were shown on all scales with the exception of the Balance scale. Beside the scale for Balance according to the norms of the questionnare we also can not talk about the problems in the processing of sensory stimuli on the scales for Touch and Taste and Smell. Discussion and conclusion: The results of research that also compared these two groups of children are consistent with other quantitative studies that used the Sensory profile and Sensory processing measure questionnaire. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder show more difficulty processing sensory inputs than neurotypical children. The used assessment allows an occupational therapist to get a better perception of the child\u27s performance in everyday life, which can help with planning adjustments in the home and school environment