Acquaintance with the external human body structure by storytelling in preschool

Z diplomsko nalogo smo želeli ugotoviti, kako učinkovita je pripoved v primerjavi s pogovorom pri spoznavanju/pomnjenju osnovnih pojmov zunanje telesne zgradbe človeka. V teoretičnem delu smo opisali teorijo učenja in pomnjenja v predšolskem obdobju, področje naravoslovja v vrtcu in naravoslovna znanja o zgradbi človeškega telesa. V praktičnem delu smo predstavili metodologijo projekta in analizo pridobljenih empiričnih podatkov. V projektu je sodelovalo 60 otrok iz dveh enot zasebnega vrtca na Gorenjskem. V vsaki enoti smo uporabili drugo metodo učenja. V prvi enoti smo dele telesa spoznali z metodo pripovedovanj z gibalno dejavnostjo, v drugi enoti pa smo uporabili metodo pogovora o delih človeškega telesa. Pred začetkom prve dejavnosti in po koncu zadnje dejavnosti smo z otroki opravili intervju v zvezi s poznavanjem zunanje telesne zgradbe človeka. Dejavnosti so trajale 5 dni zaporedoma. Rezultati znanja po prvem intervjuju so bili v obeh skupinah zelo podobni in so bili glede na starost otrok pričakovani. Po drugem intervjuju, po zaključeni zadnji dejavnosti je bilo odstopanje med skupinama precej veliko. Skupina, v kateri smo uporabili metodo pripovedovanja, je dosegla skupno za 18,7 % boljše rezultate od skupine, v kateri smo uporabili metodo pogovora. S tem smo ugotovili, da je metoda pripovedovanja bolj učinkovita pri spoznavanju/pomnjenju osnovnih pojmov zunanje telesne zgradbe človeka kot metoda pogovora.With the bachelor’s thesis, we wanted to find out how effective the narrative is compared to the conversation in learning/remembering the basic concepts of the external body structure of the man. In the theoretical part, we described the theory of learning and memory in the preschool period, the field of science in kindergarten, and the theoretical part of the science topic "the external structure of the human body." In the practical part, we presented the project methodology and statistical analysis of the obtained results. 60 children from two units of a private kindergarten in Gorenjska participated in the project. We used a different learning method in each unit. In the first unit, we got to know the parts of the body with the method of narration with movement activities. In the second unit, we used the method of talking about the parts of the human body. Before the beginning of the first activity and after the end of the last activity, we interviewed the children regarding the knowledge of the external body structure of a person. The activities lasted 5 days in a row. The knowledge outcomes after the first interview were very similar in both groups. They were expected given the age of the children. After the second interview, after completing the last activity, the discrepancy between the groups was quite large. The group in which we used the method of storytelling achieved a total of 18.7 % better results than the group in which we used the method of conversation. Thus, we found that the method of storytelling is more effective in learning/remembering the basic concepts of the external body structure of the man than the method of conversation