Working places ergonomics in company for road transport logistics

Ergonomsko znanost na področju tehniške varnosti potrebujemo za zagotovitev humanih pogojev dela delavca in prilagoditev okolice delovnega mesta delavcu. V podjetju, ki se ukvarja z dejavnostjo prevoza blaga v cestnem prometu, lahko tekom raziskovanja najdemo različne ergonomske dejavnike tveganja iz razloga raznolikosti delovnih mest in njihovih specifik. V diplomskem delu so obravnavana delovna mesta petih skupin (vodstveni delavci, pisarniški delavci, delavci v pralnici in skladišču, na zaščiti podvozja in vodja tehničnega oddelka, delavci v kleparsko-ličarski delavnici, delavci Fix&Save in kot zadnja skupina vozniki tovornih vozil), v skladu z izjavo o oceni tveganja, narejeno za podjetje Hoedlmayr logistika, d. o. o., ki se ukvarja z avtomobilsko logistiko v dejavnosti cestnega prometa. Delovna mesta so bila v času diplomskega dela obravnavana po različnih opazovalnih metodah, in sicer za vodstvene delavce in pisarniška dela je bila uporabljena metoda RULA, za delavce iz delavnice, pralnice, skladišča in kleparsko-ličarske delavnice metoda OWAS in za voznika tovornega vozila metoda HEA. Metode obravnavanih delovnih mest so bile izbrane na podlagi predvidenih ergonomskih dejavnikov tveganja in načina dela delavca na delovnem mestu. Pri vseh obravnavanih delovnih mestih so se v obravnavi po metodologijah odrazile obremenitve delavcev in tveganja prilagoditve delovnih mest. V času raziskovanja je bil izdelan tudi tedenski plan dnevne fizične aktivnosti delavca na delovnem mestu za pisarniška dela, katerega učinkovitost je bila ugotovljena na podlagi anonimnega anketiranja zaposlenih. Po izvedbi metod in tedenskega plana dnevne fizične aktivnosti delavca smo ugotovili, da je ozaveščenost delavcev na delovnih mestih o ergonomskih dejavnikih tveganja in prilagajanje dela delavcu na njegove psihofizične potrebe ključni dejavnik za zagotovitev humanizacije dela in učinkovitosti dela delavca. Končne ugotovitve so nam tako pokazale, kako pomembno je, da se delodajalec aktivno ukvarja s področjem ergonomije v podjetju, in kako pomembna je prilagoditev dela delavcu za njegovo varnost in zdravje pri delu. S pomočjo tedenskega plana dnevne aktivnosti smo delavce razbremenili in jim omogočili krajši predah med delom, kar se je po rezultatih anketirancev izkazalo za dobrodošlo stvar v podjetju, ki pozitivno vpliva na počutje in energijo delovnega okolja in delavcev.Ergonomic science in the field of technical safety is needed to ensure humane working conditions for workers and to adapt the workplace environment to their needs. In a company involved in the road transport industry, research can reveal a variety of ergonomic risk factors due to the diversity of workplaces and their specific characteristics. In the paper, five groups of workplaces were studied in accordance with the risk assessment statement made for the company Hoedlmayr Logistika d.o.o., which deals with automotive logistics in the road transport sector. These five groups are managers, office workers, washhouse and warehouse workers, chassis protection workers and head of technical department, workers in the carpentry and refinishing workshop, Fix&Save workers and, as a last group, truck drivers. The workplaces were studied in the context of the paper using different observation methods, i.e. the RULA method for managers and office workers, the OWAS method for workshop, washhouse, warehouse and paint shop workers, and the HEA method for truck drivers. The methods used to study the workplaces considered were selected on the basis of anticipated ergonomic risk factors and the way workers work in the workplace. For all the workplaces considered, workers’ workload and risks of workplace adjustments were identified in relation to the methods considered. In the course of the research, a weekly daily activity plan was also developed for office workplace, the effectiveness of which was determined by an anonymous survey of the employees. After implementing the methods and the weekly plan of workers’ daily physical activity, I found that workers’ awareness about ergonomic risk factors of their workplace and adaptation of work to their psychological and physical needs are key factors to ensure humanisation of work and workers’ efficiency at their workplace. The final findings thus showed how important it is for the employer to be actively involved in the field of ergonomics in the company and how important it is to adapt work to workers’ occupational safety and health. The weekly daily activity plan was used to relieve workers and give them a short break during the working day, which, according to their responses, proved to be beneficial for the company, as it has a positive impact on the workers’ well-being and energy of their working environment