Določitev ovir pri implementaciji naravnih rešitev v okviru varstva pred poplavami - interdisciplinarna perspektiva

Glavni dogodek, ki je Evropo prizadel poleti 2021, opominja družbo, da se poplave ponavljajo in so med najdražjimi in najsmrtonosnejšimi naravnimi nevarnostmi. Prizadevanja za dolgoročno obvladovanje poplavne ogroženosti (FRM), ki dajejo prednost izključno tehničnim ukrepom za preprečevanje in blažitev poplav, so se izkazala za premalo učinkovita in občutljiva za okolje. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) označujejo nedavni premik paradigme FRM k rešitvam, ki uporabljajo lastnosti, procese in možnosti upravljanja, pridobljene iz narave, za izboljšanje zadrževanja vode in blažitev poplav. Vendar pa empirični dokazi o učinkih NBS v različnih okoljih ostajajo razdrobljeni in njihovo izvajanje se sooča z vrsto institucionalnih ovir. V tem prispevku smo sprejeli strokovno perspektivo skupnosti, ki temelji na naravnem zadrževanju poplav LAND4FLOOD na zasebnem omrežju zemljišč (https://www.land4flood.eu), da bi identificirali niz ovir ter njihove kaskadne in sestavljene interakcije, pomembne za posamezno NBS. Strokovnjaki so ugotovili obsežen nabor 17 ovir, ki vplivajo na izvajanje 12 skupin NBS v urbanih in podeželskih okoljih na petih evropskih regionalnih okoljskih območjih (t.j. borealno, atlantsko, celinsko, alpsko-karpatsko in sredozemsko). Na podlagi rezultatov opredeljujemo poti za nadaljnje raziskave, ki povezujejo hidrologijo in znanost tal na eni strani ter prostorsko načrtovanje, družbeno geografijo in ekonomijo na drugi strani. Naši predlogi nakazujejo transdisciplinaren preobrat v raziskavah NBS/FRM.The major event that hit Europe in summer 2021 reminds society that floods are recurrent and among the costliest and deadliest natural hazards. The long-term flood risk management (FRM) efforts preferring sole technical measures to prevent and mitigate floods have shown to be not sufficiently effective and sensitive to the environment. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) mark a recent paradigm shift of FRM towards solutions that use nature-derived features, processes and management options to improve water retention and mitigate floods. Yet, the empirical evidence on the effects of NBS across various settings remains fragmented and their implementation faces a series of institutional barriers. In this paper, we adopt a community expert perspective drawing upon LAND4FLOOD Natural flood retention on private land network (https://www.land4flood.eu) in order to identify a set of barriers and their cascading and compound interactions relevant to individual NBS. The experts identified a comprehensive set of 17 barriers affecting the implementation of 12 groups of NBS in both urban and rural settings in five European regional environmental domains (i.e., Boreal, Atlantic, Continental, Alpine-Carpathian, and Mediterranean). Based on the results, we define avenues for further research, connecting hydrology and soil science, on the one hand, and land use planning, social geography and economics, on the other. Our suggestions ultimately call for a transdisciplinary turn in the research of NBS in FRM