The influence of preventive workout on reducing the number of lower limb injuries in handball - literature review

Uvod: Rokomet je eden izmed najbolj priljubljenih ekipnih športov v Evropi. Poškodbe v rokometu so zelo pogoste, kar lahko pripišemo njegovemu dinamičnemu značaju in manj restriktivnim omejitvam pri telesnem stiku. Zelo pogoste so poškodbe spodnjega uda, od tega največ poškodb predstavljajo poškodbe gležnja, medtem ko so najresnejše poškodbe kolena. Ker je zdravljenje športnih poškodb pogosto zahtevno, dolgotrajno in drago, je preventiva utemeljena tako z medicinskega kot tudi ekonomskega stališča. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na temelju pregleda literature ugotoviti učinek preventivne vadbe na zmanjšanje števila poškodb spodnjega uda pri rokometu. Metode dela: Uporabljen je bil pregled literature z deskriptivno metodo dela. Iskanje literature je potekalo v podatkovni bazi PubMed z izbranimi ključnimi besedami in uporabo vključitvenih in izključitvenih meril. Rezultati: V pregled je bilo vključenih pet raziskav. Raziskave so vključevale predvsem mlajše igralce, tri raziskave so spremljale učinkovitost preventivne vadbe na zmanjšanje števila poškodb samo pri ženskah, ostali dve pa pri obeh spolih. V štirih so primerjali učinke preventivnega programa na zmanjšanje števila poškodb spodnjega uda med primerjalno in poskusno skupino, v eni so v času treh let spremljali ekipe norveškega državnega prvenstva in beležili pojavnost poškodb sprednje križne vezi. Rezultati raziskav so pokazali, da je uporaba preventivne vadbe vplivala na zmanjšanje števila poškodb spodnjega uda. Vključene raziskave kažejo učinkovitost predvsem pri preprečevanju poškodb kolena, manj pa se kaže učinkovitost preventivnih programov na poškodbe gležnja. Razprava in zaključek: Na temelju pregleda literature lahko zaključimo, da je uporaba preventivnih programov v rokometu priporočljiva za zmanjšanje števila poškodb. Vendar zaradi različnih komponent, vključenih v programe, ne moremo trditi, katera je najučinkovitejša. V raziskavah se pojavljajo določene omejitve, ki onemogočajo posploševanje rezultatov na celotno populacijo. Viden je tudi pozitiven učinek uporabe ravnotežnih pripomočkov kot so ravnotežne blazine in deske. V prihodnosti bi bilo potrebno še dodatno raziskati katera komponenta programa je najpomembnejša, hkrati bi jih bilo potrebno vključiti v vsakdanji proces mlajših igralcev, kjer lahko lažje vplivamo na tehniko igranja.Introduction: Handball is one of the most popular team sports in Europe. Injuries are very common in handball, which can be related to its dynamic character and less restrictive rules regarding physical contact. Injuries of the lower limb are very common, of which the most common are ankle injuries, while the most serious are knee injuries. Because the treatment of sports injuries is often demanding, time-consuming and expensive, prevention is justified from both a medical and economic point of view. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma work is to review the literature on the influence of preventive workout on reducing the number of lower limb injuries in handball. Methods: This is a review of the literature, using descriptive method. The literature search was conducted in the PubMed database whit selected keywords and the use of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: There were five studies included in this review. The studies included mainly younger playersthree studies monitored the effectiveness of preventive exercise in reducing the number of injuries only in women, and the other two in both sexes. Four compared the effects of the prevention program on reducing the number of lower limb injuries between the control and intervention group, and one monitored Norwegian national championship teams for three years and recorded the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Research results show that the use of preventive workout is effective in reducing the number of lower limb injuries. The included studies show efficacy primarily in the prevention of knee injuries, and less effectiveness of prevention programs on ankle injuries. Discussion and conclusion: Based on the review of literature we can conclude that the use of preventive programs in handball is recommended for reducing the number of injuries. However, due to the various components included in the programs, we cannot say which is the most effective. There are certain limitations in research that make it impossible to generalize the results to the entire population. The positive effect of using balance devices such as balance pillows and boards is also visible. In the future, it would be necessary to further explore which component of the program is the most importantat the same time they should be included in the daily process of younger players, where we can more easily influence the technique of playing