Composition of mare’s milk of different breeds at different lactation periods

Mleko predstavlja eno izmed najpomembnejših živil na svetu, saj vsebuje bogata hranila (ogljikove hidrate, beljakovine, maščobe, vitamine) in od katerega so odvisni vsi mladiči sesalcev po rojstvu. To velja tudi za človeka, le da se je človek naučil izkoristiti laktacijo udomačenih živali za pridobitev in uživanje njihovega mleka. Tako si je človek tudi podredil konja in ga poleg za delo, transport in vojskovanje uporabil kot molzno žival. Skozi zgodovino so ljudje raziskovali in primerjali kobilje mleko z drugimi sesalci in spoznali, da je kobilje mleko manj belo, bolj prosojno in slajše kot kravje mleko, kar je posledica višje vsebnosti laktoze in manjšega deleža kazeinov. Ugotovili so, da je kobilje mleko po sestavi podobno človeškemu mleku, dobro prebavljivo ter ima nizko vsebnost beljakovin α-laktalbumin in β-laktoglobulin in je zato odlično nadomestilo za alergike na kravje mleko. Različne pasme konj imajo podobno sestavo mleka, pojavljajo se le razlike v vsebnosti maščob. Povprečna mlečnost pri kobilah različnih pasem v laktaciji je med 2000 in 3000 kg oziroma med 15 in 20 kg mleka na dan. Poleg dolžine laktacije na mlečnost vpliva živa telesna masa kobil in sicer v povprečju od 2 do 3,5 kg mleka na 100 kg žive telesne mase za hladnokrvne in toplokrvne pasme kobil. Poni kobile imajo večjo mlečnost in sicer 5 kg mleka na 100 kg žive telesne mase. V povprečju imajo hladnokrvne pasme višjo mlečnost v celotni laktaciji kakor toplokrvne pasme.Milk is one of the most important components of nutrition in the world, being rich in nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins) and on which all the offspring of mammals depend after birth. This is also true for humans, except that they have learned to use the lactation of domesticated animals to obtain and consume their milk. In this way, humans have subjugated the horse and used it as a dairy animal in addition to labour, transportation, and warfare. Throughout history, humans have researched and compared mare\u27s milk it to other mammals and found that mare\u27s milk is less white and sweeter than cow\u27s milk, due to its higher lactose and lower casein content. Mare\u27s milk is similar in composition to humans milk, easily digestible, and low in alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin, making it an excellent substitute for people allergic to cow\u27s milk. Different breeds of horses have similar composition of milk, there are only differences in fat content. The high milk yield in lactating mares of different breeds is between 2000 and 3000 kg or between 15 and 20 kg of milk per day. In addition to the length of lactation, milk yield is also influenced by the live weight of mares, on average between 2 and 3.5 kg of milk per 100 kg of live weight in cold-blooded and warm-blooded mares. Pony mares have a higher milk yield, namely 5 kg of milk per 100 kg of live weight. In general, cold-blooded breeds give more milk per day and throughout lactation than warm-blooded breeds