Oblaki točk za uporabo v informacijskih modelih gradenj (BIM)

The use of point clouds in extracting data for building information modelling (BIM) has become common recently. Managers of older buildings are working to centralise information. Documentation about mechanical installations, plumbing, electricity, and previous interventions is often stored on scattered media, frequently still on paper. In the transformation of the material world into the digital world, the point cloud is the starting point, containing information about the material world obtained by various means such as photogrammetry, terrestrial or aerial laser scanning. Manual BIM modelling for management, maintenance and future use is a time-consuming and error-prone process. We would like to automate this process and avoid these errors. Recently, there have been developed an increasing number of stand-alone programmes and add-ons that provide automated, fast, and more accurate modelling based on point cloud data. In this paper we present an investigation into the possibilities for automating the creation of BIM models from point cloud data. The result is a semi-automated process for modelling individual BIM elements, which we have tested on specific examples of modelling individual elements (walls, pipes, and columns). We note that despite the automation of the process, a high level of user interaction is still required to produce good quality models.Oblaki točk se vse pogosteje uporabljajo za pridobivanje podatkov za informacijsko modeliranje gradenj. Upravljalci starejših objektov si prizadevajo za centralizacijo informacij. Dokumentacija o strojnih inštalacijah, cevovodih, električni opremi in preteklih posegih je pogosto shranjena na dislociranih medijih, večinoma še vedno na papirju. Oblak točk je v procesu pretvorbe snovnega v digitalni svet izhodišče, v katerem so podatki o snovnem svetu zajeti na različne načine, kot so fotogrametrija, terestrično ali aerolasersko skeniranje. Ročno modeliranje BIM za upravljanje, vzdrževanje in nadaljnjo uporabo je zamudno, napake so pogoste, zato želimo v izogib napakam proces avtomatizirati. Pojavlja se vse več samostojnih programov in dodatkov za obstoječe programe, ki omogočajo avtomatizirano, hitro in natančno modeliranje iz oblakov točk. V članku predstavljamo rezultate raziskave o možnostih za avtomatizacijo izdelave BIM-modelov iz oblakov točk. Rezultat je polavtomatski postopek modeliranja BIM-elementov iz oblakov točk, ki smo ga preizkusili na konkretnih primerih modeliranja posameznih elementov (sten, cevi in stebrov). Ugotavljamo, da je kljub avtomatizaciji za ustvarjanje kakovostnih modelov še vedno potrebna visoka stopnja uporabniške interakcije